정서 얼굴에 대한 노인의 선택적 주의 과정 특성
Selective Attention for Emotional Faces in Older Adults
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참고문헌
키워드
초록
사회 정서적 선택이론에서는 노화에 따라 정서조절에 대한 동기가 증가하는 경향성이 있으며, 이는 노인으로 하여금 부정적이고 중립적인 자극 보다 긍정적인 정보에 더 많은 주의를 기울이도록 이끈다고 제안 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 부정 정서 얼굴(분노), 긍정 정서 얼굴(행복감)에 대한 선택적 주의 과정에서 나타나는 연령차를 검증하는 것이다. 연구 참여자는 노인 집단(남 12명, 여 16명), 청년 집단(남 16명, 여 14명)으로 총 58명이었다. 참여자들은 정서 표현 얼굴(부정 정서 얼굴; 분노, 긍정 정서 얼굴; 행복감)과 중립표정의 얼굴 쌍을 본 후 두 얼굴 중 한쪽의 위치에 제시되는 탐침에 반응하였다. 탐침 탐사 과제의 반응 시간 분석 결과 노인 집단의 경우 긍정-중립 얼굴 쌍에서 탐침이 중립 자극 위치에 제시되어 있을 때 유의하게 더 빠른 반응을 보였다. 하지만 청년 집단에서는 긍정-중립, 부정-중립 얼굴 쌍 모두에서 반응 편향이 나타나지 않았다. 이 결과는 서구 문화권에서 수행된 선행 연구와 달리, 우리나라 노인들은 오히려 행복한 얼굴 표정으로부터 멀어지려는 경향성을 보여주어 긍정 정보에 대한 주의 편향이 나타나지 않음을 말해주는 것이다. 끝으로 본 연구의 제한점과 추후 연구에 대한 제안을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Socioemotional selectivity theory suggests that people are motivated to derive emotional meaning from life with age, leading them to pay more attention to positive rather than negative/neutral stimuli. The purpose of this study was to examine age differences in selective attention to faces expressing anger and happiness. A total of 58 subjects(28 older adults and 30 younger adults) participated. Participants saw a pair of faces, one emotional and one neutral, and then a dot probe that appeared in the location of one of the faces. Older adult's responded faster to the dot if it was presented on the same side as a neutral face than if it was presented on the same side as a positive face. There were no significant attentional biases in younger adults. In contrast to previous Western findings, older adults, but not younger Korean adults, looked away from happy facial expressions. This suggests that Korean older adults do not show attentional preferences for positive stimuli. Finally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for further research were discussed.
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