얼굴표정을 통한 정서읽기 능력의 성인기 발달
Reading the emotional states through facial expressions : Developmental change during adulthood
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초록
본 연구는 얼굴표정에서 정서를 읽는 능력이 성인기 이후에 어떠한 발달적 변화를 보이는지 알아보고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 정서차원(쾌-불쾌)과 제시된 얼굴자극의 영역(얼굴, 눈, 입)을 달리하였을 때 정서읽기 정확률에 어떠한 변화가 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 114명의 참가자들(대학생 40명, 중년 39명, 노인 35명)에게 얼굴표정과 정서어휘 간의 연결이 비교적 분명하게 나타나는 32개의 정서어휘를 각각 제시하고 그 정서어휘에 맞는 표정자극을 네 개의 표정자극 중에서 선택하도록 하였다. 연구 결과 대학생과 중년의 정서읽기 능력의 차이는 유의미하지 않았으나 노인의 정서읽기 능력은 중년에 비해 떨어졌다. 그러나 노인의 정서읽기 능력이 중년에 비해 여러 조건에서 일관되게 저하되지는 않았다. 눈이나 입에서 쾌 정서와 불쾌 정서를 읽는 능력은 크게 저하되었으나 얼굴전체에서 쾌 정서를 읽는 능력은 저하되는 정도가 작았다. 이러한 결과는 성인기 이후에 나타나는 정서읽기 능력의 변화가 전반적인 인지 능력의 저하로 설명될 수 없으며, 정서최적화 이론으로 설명될 수 있음을 보여준다. 즉 정서최적화를 위해 부정적 정서에 덜 주의하게 되어서 부정적 정서를 읽는 능력이 상대적으로 크게 저하되었을 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
In this study, it was tested whether the ability to recognize the emotional states through facial expression changes by age (university students, middle-aged, older adults), dimensions of emotion(pleasantness/unpleasantness dimensions), and face parts (whole face, eyes, mouth) during adulthood. A total 32 pictures of emotional facial expressions and emotion vocabularies were used as stimuli. In each trial, subjects were shown 4 pictures of emotional facial expressions and one emotion vocabulary. Subjects were told to choose one suitable facial expression which was matched to the emotion vocabulary. Older adults performed worse that the middle age. However, older adults' performances were not declined equal amount in all conditions: Older adults' performances were declined greater amount in reading the pleasant and unpleasant emotions from the eyes or mouth regions, but declined far less amount in reading the pleasant emotions from the whole face. The present results cannot be explained by the deterioration of cognitive abilities, but could be explained by the theory of affective optimization.
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