본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

불안 성향 노인의 정서인식 특성

The characteristics of emotion recognition in elderly with anxiety tendency

장문선|진영선|정혜윤
한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 (The Korean Society For Developmental Psychology)|2015.09|한국심리학회지: 발달 (THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY)|제28권 제3호|pp. 91-113

2

조회

0

다운로드

7

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

노인attentional biasanxietyemotion recognitionolder adults주의편향불안정서인식
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 불안 성향 노인집단과 정상 노인집단을 대상으로 얼굴표정 유형에 따른 정서인식의 수행 차이를 비교하였다(연구 1). 그리고 불안 성향 노인의 선택적 주의가 정서인식에서 경계-회피 패턴을 보이는지를 검증하였다(연구 2). 연구 1은 행복, 슬픔, 분노, 공포가 담긴 기본정서 사진을 몰핑한 정서인식 과제를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 집단 간의 정서판단 정반응률에서는 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 불안 성향 노인집단이 정상 노인집단에 비해 분노 정서의 단서 출현에 더 민감하게 반응하였다. 공포정서의 경우, 불안 성향 노인집단이 민감한 반응을 보였지만 통계적으론, 유의하지 않았다. 연구 2는 50ms, 또는 1500ms 간격으로 얼굴표정사진 자극 쌍을 제시한 수정된 탐침 탐사 과제를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 자극 제시시간이 짧을 경우 불안 성향 노인집단에서 분노정서의 편향점수가 행복정서 보다 높게 나타났지만, 집단 간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 자극 제시시간이 길 경우, 불안 성향 노인집단은 정상 노인집단에 비해 분노 표정의 편향점수가 낮았으며, 불안 성향 노인집단 내에서 분노정서의 편향점수가 행복정서 보다 낮게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 중심으로 본 연구의 시사점, 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

Cognitive theories of anxiety disorders have proposed that biased selective processing of threatening information is a prominent cognitive factor in the causation and maintenance of anxiety. The major goals of this study were to determine the relationship between recognition of emotional facial expressions and level of geriatric anxiety, and to understand whether bias in emotional information recognition is related to attentional bias. In Study 1, 50 morphed facial expressions conveying happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and neutral emotions were created from neutral to fully emotive expression at 2% intervals. The subjects were asked to indicate which frame in the sequence of pictures showed the particular emotion, as well as to identify the illustrated emotion. The results demonstrated that the threshold for the correct identification of an angry facial expression was significantly lower for the group with a geriatric anxiety tendency as compared to the normal group, but that the threshold for the correct identification of a fear facial expression was not quite different between the two groups. In Study 2, a modified version of the probe detection task was used to investigate the time course of attentional bias for facial emotion. Facial pairs were presented across two exposure durations of 50 ms and 1,500 ms. The results showed that the geriatric anxiety tendency group was more vigilant for angry facial expression in the brief exposure duration (50 ms) condition. However, the same group showed a very reliable tendency to avoid the angry faces. The limitations of the present study and directions for future research were discussed.

참고문헌 (72)

  1. "불안장애 70대 이상노인이 60대 이하 보다 3배 이상 많아" (2014), 국민건강보험공단[URL]
  2. 김민우, "고려대학교얼굴표정모음집(KUFEC)과 의미미분법을 통한 정서차원평정", 한국심리학회지:일반, 30(4), pp.1189~1211 (2011), 한국심리학회
  3. 김영경, "노화에 따른 얼굴표정 정서인식능력의 변화", 인간발달연구, 21(1), pp.19~34 (2014), 한국인간발달학회
  4. 金正澤, "特性 不安과 社會性과의 關係", 석사, pp.1978
  5. 김지윤, "한국판 노인불안도구(K-GAI)의 신뢰도와 타당도", 근관절건강학회지, 21(1), pp.75~84 (2014), 대한근관절건강학회[DOI]
  6. 김홍근, "한국 노인의 연령, 교육수준, 성별이 인지기능 측정치들에 미치는 효과", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30(3), pp.681~701 (2011), 한국임상심리학회
  7. 송인혜, "얼굴표정을 통한 정서읽기 능력의 성인기 발달", 한국심리학회지: 발달, 21(3), pp.63~80 (2008), 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회
  8. 양재원, "사회불안 증상과 얼굴표정 정서 인식의 민감성과 인지 편향", 인지행동치료, 9(2), pp.87~107 (2009), 한국인지행동치료학회
  9. 이승재, "사회공포증 집단이 단어 및 얼굴표정자극에 대해서 나타내는 주의편향", 석사, 심리학, pp.2010
  10. 임유경, "얼굴 표정 정서인식의 민감도: 비행 청소년과 일반 청소년의 비교", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(4), pp.1029~1046 (2010), 한국임상심리학회
  11. 정인과, "한국형노인우울검사 표준화에 대한 예비연구", 신경정신의학, 37(2), pp.340~351 (1998)
  12. Adolphs, R., "Recognizing emotion from facial expressions : psychological and neurological mechanisms", Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 1, pp.21~61 (2002)
  13. Ambadar, Z., "Deciphering the enigmatic face : The importance of facial dynamics in interpreting subtle facial expressions", Psychological Science, 16(5), pp.403~410 (2005)
  14. Amir, N., "From social anxiety to social phobia: Multiple perspectives" (2001), Allyn &Bacon
  15. Amir, N., "The Effect of a Single-Session Attention Modification Program on Response to a Public-Speaking Challenge in Socially Anxious Individuals", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(4), pp.860~868 (2008)
  16. Arteche, A., "The effects of postnatal maternal depression and anxiety on the processing of infant faces", Journal of Affective Disorders, 133, pp.197~203 (2011)
  17. Banos, R. M., "Detection and distraction effects for threatening information in social phobia and change after treatment", Depression and Anxiety, 25, pp.55~63 (2008)
  18. Beck, R., "Cognitive Content-Specificity for Anxiety and Depression : A Meta-Analysis", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(6), pp.651~663 (2001)
  19. Blair, R. J. R., "Impaired social response reversal : A case of acquired sociopathy", Brain, 123, pp.1122~1141 (2000)
  20. Borghi, A., "Embodied cognition and beyond : Acting and sensing the body", Neuropsychologia, 48(3), pp.763~773 (2010)
  21. Bradley, B. P., "Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety : manipulation of stimulus duration", Cognition and Emotion, 12(6), pp.737~753 (1998)
  22. Bradley, B. P., "Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(10), pp.911~927 (1997)
  23. Bradley, B. P., "Selective processing of negative information : Effects of clinical anxiety, concur-rent depression, and awareness", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, pp.532~536 (1995)
  24. Burgess, M. M., "Examining attentional biases underlying trait anxiety in younger and older adults", Cognition and Emotion, 28(1), pp.84~97 (2014)
  25. Calvo, M. G., "Facial expressions of emotion(KDEF) : identification under different display-duration conditions", Behavior Research Methods, 40(1), pp.109~115 (2008)
  26. Charles, S. T., "Age-related changes in emotion recognition : How, why, and how much of a problem?", Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 35(4), pp.287~295 (2011)
  27. Clark, D. A., "Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features", pp.379~411 (1989), Academic Press
  28. Cooper, R. M., "The role of trait anxiety in the recognition of emotional facial expressions", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, pp.1120~1127 (2008)
  29. Davis, F. C., "A tale of two negatives : Differential memory modulation by threat-related facial expressions", Emotion, 11(3), pp.647~655 (2011)
  30. Demenescu, L. R., "Impaired attribution of emotion to facial expressions in anxiety and major depression", PLoS One, 5(12), pp.e15058~ (2010)
  31. Fox, E., "Preconscious processing biases predict emotional reactivity to stress", Biological Psychiatry, 67(4), pp.371~377 (2010)
  32. Fox, L. S., "The effects of anxiety on attentional processes in older adults", Aging & Mental Health, 9(6), pp.585~593 (2005)
  33. Heuer, K., "Morphed emotional faces : Emotion detection and misinterpretation in social anxiety", Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, pp.418~425 (2010)
  34. Isaacowitz, D. M., "Bringing an ecological perspective to the study of aging and recognition of emotional facial expressions : Past, current, and future methods", Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 35(4), pp.261~278 (2011)
  35. Joormann, J., "Is this happiness I see? Biases in the identification of emotional facial expressions in depression and anxiety", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), pp.705~714 (2006)
  36. Koster, E. H. W., "Does imminent threat capture and hold attention", Emotion, 4(3), pp.312~317 (2004)
  37. Koster, E. H. W., "Time-course of attention for threatening pictures in high and low trait anxiety", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(8), pp.1087~1098 (2005)
  38. Lang, P. J., "International Affective Picture System:Technical manual and affective ratings" (1995), University of Florida
  39. Lee, L. O., "Attentional bias for threat in older adults : moderation of the positivity bias by trait anxiety and stimulus modality", Psychology and Aging, 24(3), pp.741~747 (2009)
  40. Lee, T. H., "The Korea university Facial Expression Collection: KUEFC. Lab. of Behavioral Neuroscience" (2006), Dept. of Psychology, Korea University
  41. LeMoult, J., "Identification of emotional facial expressions following recovery from depression", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(4), pp.828~833 (2009)
  42. Loughead, J., "Neural circuitry for accurate identification of facial emotions", Brain Research, 1194, pp.37~44 (2008)
  43. MacLeod, C., "Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A : Human Experimental Psychology, 40(4), pp.653~670 (1988)
  44. Marks, I. M., "Fears, phobias and rituals" (1987), Oxford University Press
  45. Martin, M., "Does anxiety lead to selective processing of threat-related information?", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29(2), pp.147~160 (1991)
  46. Mill, A., "Age-related differences in emotion recognition ability : A cross-sectional syudy", Emotion, 9(5), pp.619~630 (2009)
  47. Mogg, K., "A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(9), pp.809~848 (1998)
  48. Mogg, K., "Time course of attentional bias for threat scenes : Testing the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis", Cognition and Emotion, 18(5), pp.689~700 (2004)
  49. Mogg, K., "Processing of emotional information in anxious subjects", British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(2), pp.227~229 (1990)
  50. Mogg, K., "Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia", Journal of abnormal psychology, 113(1), pp.160~165 (2004)
  51. Mohlman, J., "Jumping to interpretations : social anxiety disorder and the identification of emotional facial expressions", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(3), pp.591~599 (2007)
  52. Neely, J. H., "Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory : Roles of inhibition less spreading activation and limited-capacity attention", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 106, pp.226~254 (1977)
  53. Niedenthal, P. M., "Emotional state and the detection of change in facial expression of emotion", European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, pp.211~222 (2000)
  54. Pachana, N. A., "Development and validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory", International Psychogeriatrics, 19(1), pp.103~114 (2007)
  55. Preuschoft, S., "“Laughter” and “smiling” in macaques: An evolutionary perspective" (1995), Tessel Offset, B. V
  56. Rachman, S., "Anxiety" (1998), Psychology press
  57. Rastegar, S., "Influence of Age and Anxiety on Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotion: Exploring the Role of Attentional Processes", Master, pp.2012
  58. Richards, A., "Anxietyrelated bias in the classification of emotionally ambiguous facial expressions", Emotion, 2(3), pp.272~287 (2002)
  59. Rinck, M., "Selective attention in anxiety : Distraction and enhancement in visual search", Depression and Anxiety, 18(1), pp.18~28 (2003)
  60. Russell, J. A., "Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion : dissecting the elephant", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(5), pp.805~819 (1999)
  61. Schuurmans, J., "The outcome of anxiety disorders in older people at 6-year follow-up : Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam", Acta Psychiatr Scand, 111(6), pp.420~428 (2005)
  62. Sheikh, J. I., "Anxiety in the elderly : course and treatment", Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(4), pp.871~883 (1995)
  63. Silvia, P. J., "Biased recognition of happy facial expressions in social anxiety", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, pp.585~602 (2006)
  64. Spielberger, C. D., "Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory" (1983), Conslting Psychologists Press
  65. Steiner, A. R. W., "Information processing bias and pharmacotherapy outcome in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(6), pp.592~597 (2013)
  66. Sullivan, S., "Emotion recognition deficits in the elderly", International Journal of Neuroscience, 114, pp.403~432 (2004)
  67. Surcinelli, P., "Facial emotion recognition in trait anxiety", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(1), pp.110~117 (2006)
  68. Surguladze, S. A., "Recognition accuracy and response bias to happy and sad facial expressions in patients with major depression", Neuropsychology, 18(2), pp.212~218 (2004)
  69. Suzuki, A., "Measuring individual differences in sensitivities to basic emotions in faces", Cognition, 99(3), pp.327~353 (2006)
  70. Vuilleumier, P., "Emotional facial expressions capture attention", Neurology, 56(2), pp.153~158 (2001)
  71. Winton, E. C., "Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and the detection of negative emotion in others", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(2), pp.193~196 (1995)
  72. Yesavage, J. A., "Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale : A preliminary report", Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, pp.37~49 (1983)

관련 논문AI추천

정서 얼굴에 대한 노인의 선택적 주의 과정 특성강효신, 고선규, 이태호한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2009 · 제28권 제1호인지 기능 저하에 따른 얼굴 정서 인식의 손상 : 정상 노인과 치매 환자를 대상으로최성진한국건강심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 건강2013 · 제18권 제3호고령자의 연령별 얼굴 정서 차원김종완한국감성과학회 · 감성과학2024 · 제27권 제3호얼굴 정서 자극에 대한 정서가 및 각성가 평가에서의 연령차 연구강효신, 권정혜한국인지및생물심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물2019 · 제31권 제2호노화에 의해 저하된 시공간 주의배분능력이 정서지각 편향성에 미치는 영향김상엽, 남기춘, 정재범한국감성과학회 · 감성과학2020 · 제23권 제4호사회적 배척이 얼굴표정 정서 인식에 미치는 영향: 사회불안의 조절효과양재원, 최지수한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2018 · 제37권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (10건)

태내 환경을 반영하는 발달 지표와 HPA 축의 기능장애와 관련 있는 행동과의 관계전우영, 심경옥pp. 1-28한국형 베일리 영유아 발달검사 제 3판 사회-정서 척도의 타당도석혜은, 방희정, 박인환, 김아영, 신석호pp. 29-50초등학생의 부모-자녀 갈등, 거부불안민감성, 소속에 대한 욕구와 또래괴롭힘 동조행동과의 구조적 관계안소현, 송경희, 이승연pp. 51-73한국 유아의 격조사를 활용한 타동사 문장 이해 발달송현주, 진경선, 김민주pp. 75-90학교폭력 가해자가 경험한 학교폭력 맥락에 관한 질적 연구이미영, 장은진pp. 115-140
원문 보기