프로젝트기반학습과 프로젝트 유형 분류체계 개발
Development of Project Based Learning Taxonomy and Project Taxonomy
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초록
이 연구는 프로젝트기반학습과 프로젝트의 유형 분류체계를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 프로젝트기반학습에 대한 문헌 검토를 수행하였고, 초・중・고등학교와 대학교의 교수자 45명으로부터 130개의 프로젝트기반학습 사례를 수집하여 분석하였다. 수집된 자료를 토대로 1차 프로젝트기반학습과 프로젝트 유형 분류체계를 구안하였고 전문가들이 타당성 평가를 실시하였다. 전문가들이 제시한 타당성 평가 결과와 수정 의견을 반영하여 2차 프로젝트기반학습과 프로젝트 유형 분류체계로 수정 및 보완하였고, 이를 교육 현장의 교수자들이 직접 사용해 본 후 이에 대한 형성적 평가를 실시하였다. 형성적 평가 결과를 반영하여 최종적으로 프로젝트기반학습 유형 분류체계와 프로젝트 유형 분류체계를 합친 ‘프로젝트기반학습과 프로젝트 통합 유형 분류체계’ 형태로 개발하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 프로젝트기반학습 유형 분류체계는 연구 프로젝트기반학습, 제시 프로젝트기반학습, 창조 프로젝트기반학습, 실행 프로젝트기반학습으로 구성된다. 둘째, 프로젝트 유형 분류체계는 4개 영역 10개 유형으로 구성되는데, 조사, 실험, 탐구, 표현, 논쟁, 제작, 설계․개발, 경험, 문제해결, 실천 프로젝트이다. 프로젝트기반학습과 프로젝트가 두 개 이상의 유형을 활용할 경우 프로젝트기반학습 유형은 연구, 제시, 창조, 실행의 순서 또는 더 많은 비중을 차지하는 것을 먼저 언급하는 순서로 유형명을 작성할 수 있다. 프로젝트기반학습과 프로젝트 유형 분류체계는 실제 프로젝트기반학습 사례를 토대로 개발되었다는데 의의가 있으며, 교수자, 학습자, 그리고 교육 현장의 이해관계자들이 프로젝트기반학습을 이해하고 이에 대해 효율적으로 의사소통하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
This study aims to develop a taxonomy for Project Based Learning(PBL) and project type classification. To this end, a literature review on project based learning was conducted, and 130 project based learning cases were collected and analyzed from 45 teachers in elementary, middle and high schools and universities. Based on the collected cases, the first project based learning and project taxonomy were designed, and expert feasibility evaluation was conducted. By reflecting the results of the feasibility evaluation and the opinions of corrections presented by experts, it was revised and supplemented with the secondary project based learning and project taxonomy. Reflecting the formative evaluation results, project based learning taxonomy and project taxonomy were finally developed in the form of ‘project based learning and project integration taxonomy’. The study results are as follows. First, project based learning taxonomy consists of research project based learning, presentation project based learning, creative project based learning, and implementation project based learning. Second, the project taxonomy consists of 10 types in 4 areas: investigation, experiment, inquiry, expression, debate, production, design and development, experience, problem solving, and practical project. When project based learning and project use more than one type, the type of project based learning can be written in the order of research, presentation, creation, implementation, or in the order of mentioning the one that takes more weight first. It is meaningful that project learning and project taxonomy were developed based on authentic project based learning cases, and it is expected that it will help teachers, learners, and stakeholders in the educational field to understand project based learning and communicate effectively.
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