외국인주주와 기업의 연구개발투자
Foreign Shareholders and Firm’s R&D Investment
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초록
본 연구에서는 외국인주주가 기업의 대표적인 장기투자인 연구개발투자에 미치는 영향을 실증분석을 통해 검증했으며, 특히 외국인주주를 외국인 기관투자자(institutional investor)와 외국인 기업투자자(corporate blockholder)로 구분하여 분석하였다. 기업의 내재가치 증진을 꾀하고 건전한 감시기능을 수행할 유인을 가진 외국인 기관투자자는 기업의 연구개발투자에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면, 상당한 자본을 투자한 외국인 기업투자자는 위험회피를 선호하여 기업의 연구개발투자에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않을 것이라는 가설을 제기하고 이를 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, 외국인 기관투자자는 기업의 연구개발투자와 정(+)의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타난 반면, 외국인 기업투자자는 연구개발투자와 유의한 상관관계를 가지지 않음을 발견하였다. 한 기업에서 대량 지분을 소유한 주요 주주로서의 외국인 기관투자자는 기업의 연구개발투자를 촉진할 것으로 기대했지만, 실증분석 결과 유의미한 결과를 얻지 못하였다. 동일한 표본을 대상으로 외국인주주가 기업의 설비투자에 미치는 영향에 대해 추가분석을 수행한 결과, 외국인 기관투자자는 설비투자에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면, 외국인 기업투자자는 기업의 설비투자 위축을 주도함을 발견했다. 이는 외국인주주가 기업의 경영의사결정에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서는 그들을 외국인 기관투자자와 외국인 기업투자자로 나누어 접근할 필요성이 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
This paper investigates empirically the impact of foreign shareholders on a firms’ R&D investment. Based on previous research which deal with the issue on corporate governance, we devide foreign shareholders into two groups, foreign institutional investor group and foreign corporate blockholder. Using the sample firms that have a relatively high rate of R&D intensity, we find that foreign institutional investor can exert significant impact on the increase of R&D investment. While we could not find any significant relationship between foreign corporate blockholder and firm’s R&D investment. Also we could not find the evidence that foreign institutional investor with more than 5% of a company’s share have significant impact on its R&D investment.The result of additional analysis show that foreign institutional investor have a significant positive impact on firm’s plant and equip investment, while a significant negative impact foreign corporate blockholder have. Major findings of this study suggest that we need distinguish foreign institutional investor from foreign corporate blockholder to investigate the impact of foreign shareholders on a firm’s managerial decision making.
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