해외자회사의 인력 현지화 결정요인에 관한 실증연구 - 해외자회사 조직 내부의 속성을 중심으로
The determinants of CEO and workforce staffing in foreign MNC affiliates based in Japan - Focused on the factors of subsidiaries
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초록
본 연구는 2007년 일본내 491개의 해외 다국적 제조기업들을 대상으로 인력 현지화에 대한 해외자회사 조직 내부의 결정요인들을 두 가지 관점(통제 및 조정관점, 지식관점)을 바탕으로 두 가지 차원(최고경영자 현지화, 종업원 현지화)으로 구분하여 실증 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면, 해외자회사의 최고경영자(CEO) 현지화 수준은 해외자회사에 대한 현지지분율이 많을수록 낮아지는 경향이 있으며, 자회사규모가 클수록, 제품다각화를 할수록 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 해외자회사의 종업원 현지화의 경우 해외자회사에 대한 현지지분율이 많을수록 종업원의 현지화 수준은 낮아지고, 해외자회사가 현지국에서 사업을 영위한 기간이 길수록, 자회사규모가 클수록 종업원의 현지화 수준은 높아지는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결국, 본 연구는 해외자회사의 CEO 현지화의 경우 현지지분율, 자회사규모, 제품다각화에 의해 영향을 받으며, 해외자회사의 종업원 현지화의 경우 현지지분율, 현지사업기간, 자회사규모가 중요한 영향요인이라는 것을 증명하였다. 본 연구는 일본에 진출한 다국적기업들의 인력 현지화에 대한 결정요인을 통제 및 조정관점과 지식관점을 기반으로 CEO와 종업원의 현지화 수준에 미치는 결정요인들을 통합적으로 분석해 보았다는 점에서 해외자회사의 인력 현지화에 대한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
This study empirically examines subsidiary's determinants of the decision by to appoint expatriate or local as CEO and the workforce of foreign affiliates for a sample of 491 foreign MNC manufacturing affiliates operating in Japan in 2007. Hypotheses are derived both from a control and coordination perspective and a knowledge perspective on the localization of CEO and workforce. This study shows that the ownership ratio, affiliate size, and diversification are negatively related to the localization of CEO. It is also found that the ownership ratio is negatively associated with the localization of workforce, whereas affiliate size and local experience are positively related to the localization of workforce. This study has academic and managerial contribution in that it explains the localization of human resource in foreign subsidiary through both a control perspective and a knowledge perspective.
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