해외자회사의 CEO 현지화 결정요인에 대한 실증연구: 본사-해외자회사 간 자원의존성을 중심으로
The Determinants of Subsidiary CEO Staffing by American Multinationals in Korea: Resource Dependence between Headquarters and Foreign Subsidiary
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초록
본 연구는 다국적기업 본사-해외자회사 간 권력 관계가 자원의존 관계의 영향을 받는다는 점에 주목하고 자원의존이론 관점에서 본사와 해외자회사 간의 자원의존성(해외자회사 상대적 규모, 본사-해외자회사 간 자원이전) 이 자회사 CEO 현지화에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하였다. 2000년부터 2015년까지 89개 미국 S&P 500 기업의 105개 단독소유 한국 자회사를 대상으로 현지인 CEO 임명 여부를 종속변수로 하여 실증분석을 수행한 결과, 해외자회사의 상대적 규모가 클수록 현지인을 자회사 CEO로 임명하는 것으로 나타났다. 본사와 해외자회사 간의 자원이전 역시 자회사 CEO 임명에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 해외자회사가 다국적기업 본사에 자원을 제공하는 수준이 높을수록 현지인을 자회사 CEO로 임명하는 반면, 해외자회사가 다국적기업 본사로부터 자원을 조달하는 수준이 높을수록 본사파견 CEO를 임명하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 해외자회사가 본사로부터 자원을 조달하는 수준보다 해외자회사가 본사에 자원을 제공하는 수준이 높을수록 자회사 CEO 현지화 경향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 해외자회사 상대적 규모와 본사-자회사 간 자원이전의 상호작용 효과는 자회사 CEO 임명에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인된다. 해외자회사의 상대적 규모가 자회사 CEO 현지화에 미치는 영향은 자회사가 본사로부터 자원을 조달하는 수준이 높을수록 약화되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 해외자회사가 본사로부터 자원을 조달하는 수준 보다 본사에 자원을 제공하는 수준이 높을수록 해외자회사의 상대적 규모가 자회사 CEO 현지화에 미치는 영향은 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 본사와 해외자회사 간 자원이전의 방향에 따라 자회사 CEO 현지화에 미치는 영향이 다르다는 것을 규명하였다는 점에서 이론적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로기대된다.
Abstract
This study empirically investigated how resource dependent relationships between headquarters and foreign subsidiaries impacted on a subsidiary CEO's localization. By applying the resource dependence theory which describes power relationship between headquarters and subsidiaries, we found that resource dependence such as subsidiary relative size, and resource transfer between headquarters and subsidiaries is associated with a subsidiary CEO's localization. To test our hypotheses, we used a sample consisting of 105 Korean wholly owned subsidiaries of S&P 500 American multinational corporations from 2000 to 2015. First, the empirical results employing a random-effects logistic regression model showed that large subsidiaries were more likely to appoint local CEOs. Second, resource transfer between headquarters and foreign subsidiaries has a significant effect on the localization of subsidiary CEO. Resource transfer from foreign subsidiary to headquarters was positively related to the possibility of subsidiary CEO localization. On the other hand, resource transfer from headquarters to foreign subsidiary negatively influenced the possibility of a subsidiary CEO's localization. In addition, the higher the level of resource supply of foreign subsidiary to the headquarters than the level of resource procurement from headquarters, the higher the tendency of localization of subsidiary CEO. Third, the interaction effect between the relative size of foreign subsidiary and the resource transfer between headquarters and subsidiary has a significant impact on localization of subsidiary CEO. The interaction effect between the subsidiary relative size and the subsidiary's resource procurement from headquarters has a negative impact on localization of the subsidiary CEO. On the other hand, the interaction effect between the subsidiary relative size and the net supply of subsidiary’s resources to headquarters has a positive impact on localization of the subsidiary CEO.
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