한국 다국적기업의 해외자회사 통제수준 결정요인에 대한 탐색적 연구
The Determinants of the Level of Control by Korean MNEs over their Foreign Subsidiaries
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본 연구에서는 설문조사를 통하여, 우리나라 다국적기업들이 해외자회사에 대하여 시행하는 통제수준에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면, 모회사의 기술과 경영노하우가 해외자회사에 성공적으로 이전될수록, 그리고 우수한 현지 인력의 채용과 개발을 위한 인사정책을 실시할수록 모회사는 자회사에 대한 통제를 완화시키는 경향이 있었다. 반면 모회사가 현지국 출신 인사보다 본국 출신 인사를 자회사 책임자로 임명하는 것을 선호할수록 자회사에 대한 통제는 강화되었다. 그 밖에 본 연구에서는 모회사가 현지시장 개척을 목적으로 하는 해외직접투자를 추구할수록, 자회사에 대한 통제가 완화된다는 것을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과들은 종합적으로 모회사의 해외자회사에 대한 통제수준은 해외직접투자의 전략적 목적, 모-자회사간 노하우 이전의 필요성, 그리고 모회사의 국제인사관리 정책 등에 의하여 결정된다는 것을 시사한다.
Abstract
Using a survey data base, we examine the factors that may influence the level of control exercised by Korean MNEs over their overseas subsidiaries. Our results show that a parent firm tends to relax the control, when its manufacturing and management know-how is satisfactorily transferred to the subsidiaries, and when it implements the HRM policies to recruit and develop competent local staff. On the other hand, the control over subsidiaries tends to be tightened when the parent prefers to appoint a home-country national, rather than a host-country national, as the subsidiary manager. In addition, it is observed that the parent’s pursuit of market-seeking FDI is negatively associated with the control level. Taken together, these findings suggest that the level of parent control over overseas subsidiaries is determined primarily by the factors such as the motivations of FDI, the need to transfer the parent know-how to foreign affiliates, and the parent’s international HRM policies.
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