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합작경영의 공정성과 한국측 파트너의 학습

Organizational Justice and Learning in International Joint Ventures

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 논문의 연구목적은 합작기업 경영의 공정성(justice)이 한국측 파트너의 선진기술 습득에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 구체적으로, 분배공정성, 절차공정성, 그리고 상호작용 공정성으로 경영의 공정성을 세분하여 각각의 공정성이 선진국 파트너와 설립한 합작기업에서 한국측 파트너의 기술습득에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 합작경영의 공정성이 한국측 파트너의 학습을 촉진하는 것으로 가설 설정하였는데, 이에 대한 논리적 근거는 한국측 파트너의 기술습득으로 인해 발생하는 선진국 파트너의 불안감을 합작경영의 공정성이 상당부분 해소시켜 줌으로써, 한국측 파트너의 학습을 촉진한다는 것이다. 첫째, 분배공정성과 관련한 선진국 파트너의 불안감은 한국측 파트너와 기술적 지식을 공유할 경우 그에 따른 보상이 제대로 이루어지겠는가 하는 것이다. 분배공정성을 통한 선진국 파트너의 이 같은 불안감 해소는 한국측 파트너의 기술습득 촉진의 결과로 나타날 것이다. 둘째, 절차공정성과 관련한 선진국 파트너의 불안감은 한국측 파트너의 기술 습득으로 인해 기술이라는 자신의 전문영역에서 발휘되는 권력(expertise power)을 상실함으로써 한국측 파트너에게 행사할 수 있는 협상 교섭력이 감소하는데서 오는 불안감이다. 이러한 협상 교섭력의 감소로 인한 불안감은 합작경영의 의사결정 절차의 공정성이 확립되면 상당부분 해소될 것이다. 왜냐하면, 공정한 의사결정 절차가 확립되면, 더 이상 협상 교섭력에 의하여 합작기업의 주요 의사 결정이 좌우되지 않을 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 절차공정성은 협상교섭력의 감소로 인한 선진국 파트너의 불안감을 감소시켜서, 결국에는 한국측 파트너의 기술습득을 촉진할 것이다. 셋째, 상호작용 공정성과 관련한 선진국 파트너의 불안감은 의도하지 않은 기술이전 또는 기술유출의 불안감이다. 파트너간 긴밀한 소통으로 인한 정보의 투명성으로 정의되는 상호작용 공정성은 선진국 파트너의 이러한 불안감을 감소시켜, 한국측파트너의 기술습득을 촉진한다는 것이다. 78개의 한국에 위치한 국제합작기업을 대상으로 조사한 결과, 경영의 공정성을 구성하는 요인 중에 하나인 분배공정성은 한국측 파트너의 기술습득에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 절차공정성과 상호작용 공정성은 한국측 합작파트너의 기술 습득에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결국, 본 연구결과는 한국측 합작파트너가 경영의 공정성 원칙을 지키는 것이 선진국 합작파트너한테서 선진기술 습득하는데 중요함을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

Adopting social exchange theory and justice theory, this study examines antecedentsof learning in international joint ventures(IJV). Based on social exchange theory andjustice theory, three variables are identified as antecedents of the Korean partner’slearning in IJV. The first antecedent variable is the fairness in the distribution of theJV’s financial performance. The distributive justice is hypothesized to be positivelyrelated to the Korean partner’s learning about technological knowledge from thedeveloped market partner. The second antecedent variable is the fairness in thedecision-making procedures. This procedural justice reflects the shared nature of theJV’s management. It is also hypothesized to be positively related to the Koreanpartner’s learning about technological knowledge from the developed market partner. The third antecedent variable is interactional fairness that refers to mutual respect andclose communication between JV partners. The interactional justice is also hypothesizedto be positively related to the Korean partner’s learning about technological knowledgefrom the developed market partner. Hypotheses were tested using data collected from78 international joint ventures in Korea. The fair distribution of the JV’s financialperformance was found not to be related to the Korean partner’s learning about technologicalknowledge from the developed market partner. However, both procedural justice andinteractional justice was found to be positively related to the Korean partner’s learningabout technological knowledge from the developed market partner. The findings suggestthat the two antecedent variables generated from justice theory facilitate the Koreanpartner’s learning about technological knowledge in IJVs.

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