국제합작제휴에서의 갈등관리방안의 효과성에 관한 연구
A Study on the Effectiveness of Conflict Management in International Joint Ventures
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본 논문에서는 국제합작제휴에 있어서 파트너 간 갈등 관리 방안에 대해 연구하였다. 갈등관리는 크게 압박과 법리에 근거하는 강압적 관리방안과 공동문제해결과 타협에 근거하는 비강압적 관리방안으로 구분된다. 한국기업과 외국기업 간에 이루어진 합작회사를 대상으로 분석한 결과 양측 파트너 간 갈등 수준은 보통수준 이하인 것으로 나타났다. 가장 높은 의결불일치를 보이는 사안은 모기업으로부터의 기술이전 내용과 이전되는 기술에 대한 가격 산정이었으며, 그다음이 이익충담금 및 이익분배, 사업확장 등 합작사업 규모의 변경, 그리고 제품 도입, 개발, 수정 등의 제품정책에 관한 순으로 나타났다. 한편, 합작 파트너 간 의견불일치가 가장 낮은 사안은 인사권, 보직 결정 등의 인사정책인 것으로 나타났다. 갈등관리 방안의 효과성에 대한 실증 분석결과, 예상했던 대로 전반적으로 비강압적 방안이 강압적 방안보다 파트너 간 관계 만족도를 더 높여주는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 국적으로 대변되는 문화적 차이와 지분 비중으로 대변되는 힘의 차이를 고려한 결과, 예상했던 대로 한국기업과 일본기업 간의 합작인 경우 미국 및 유럽기업과의 합작인 경우보다 비강압적인 방안의 효과성이 더 크게 작용하는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 양측 파트너 간 힘의 균형을 이룰 경우도 비강압적인 방안의 효과성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 국제적 합작기업의 갈등관리에 있어 압박이나 법리에 근거하는 강압적인 방안보다는 가능한 한 공동문제해결, 절충, 타협에 근거하는 비강압적인 방안을 활용하되, 파트너 간 문화적 차이와 힘의 차이에 따라 갈등관리 방안이 달라져야 한다는 정책적 시사점을 제시해 준다.
Abstract
This study analyses the effectiveness of conflict management in the case of international joint ventures. Conflict resolution techniques can be categorized into two types. The first type is called the coercive resolution technique that is based on pressures and legitimating tactics whereas the second type is called the non-coercive resolution technique that is based on joint problem-solving and compromises. The empirical study showed that moderate level of conflicts exist in such matters as technology transfer, profit allocation, change of business size, product policy and funding between Korean and foreign partners. The results also showed that the non-coercive resolution technique is more efficient than the coercive resolution technique in terms of managing relationship satisfaction between partners as anticipated. It was also found that the non-coercive resolution technique is more efficient than the coercive resolution technique when power between partners is equilibrium and cultural similarity is high. These results indicate that we should use different types of conflict resolution techniques according to power and cultural differences between partners.
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