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국제합작투자에서 한국기업의 지식경영에 관한 연구: 지식이전과 지식습득 설명변수에 관한 분석

The knowledge management of Korean firms in international joint ventures: An analysis of knowledge transfer and knowledge acquisition determinants

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 논문은 1980년부터 2009년까지 30년에 걸쳐 국내학자들에 의해 연구된 한국기업의 국제합작투자에 관한 문헌을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 기존의 국내 문헌들은 주로 거래비용이론 관점에서 한국기업의 국제합작투자를 연구하였고, 국제합작투자에서 한국기업의 지식경영에 관한 체계적인 연구는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지식기반이론을 바탕으로 한국기업의 지식경영을 연구주제로 삼고 지식이전과 지식습득에 관한 특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 국제합작투자에서의 한국기업이 기존 지식습득자(knowledge seeker)의 역할에서 지식공급자(knowledge provider)로 변모하고 있음을 확인하고, 한국기업이 지식경영에서 두 가지 역할의 주체가 될 수 있음을 전제로 한국기업의 지식경영(지식공급자 또는 지식습득자)에 관한 역할을 설명할 수 있는 요인들을 분석하였다. 1990년 이후 국제합작투자를 시행하고 있는 126개 기업을 대상으로 실증분석을 시행한 결과 기존문헌에서 주로 지식습득자로 인식되었던 한국기업이 지식공급자의 역할을 하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 한국기업의 지식경영, 즉 지식이전을 설명하는 변수로서는 기업의 국제합작투자 동기가 이용에 있고, 개발도상국에 진출 할수록 그리고 공식적인 의사소통이 많을수록 지식이전에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 볼 수 있었다. 지식습득의 경우 국제합작투자의 동기가 탐구에 있고, 선진국에 진출해 있으며 공식적인 의사소통이 잘 되어 있을수록 그리고 파트너에 대한 신뢰가 많을수록 지식습득이 발생함을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 계약의 상황적응성(contingency adoptability) 변수와는 오히려 부의 관계를 보였다. 본 연구는 국제합작투자에 있어서 한국기업의 지식경영에 관한 분석을 시도함으로서 앞으로 한국기업의 국제합작투자와 관련된 지식경영연구에 시발점이 될 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

We reviewed the literature which researched international joint ventures formed by Korean firms (KIJVs) and published in two major IB journals in Korea between 1980 and 2009. We found that the studies of KIJVs have mostly had their theoretical grounding on transaction cost theory with a few exceptions which had based on the knowledge based perspective. The Korean literature examined various perspectives of KIJVs, but we could see that none has analyzed the characteristics of Korean firms’ knowledge management within the KIJV context. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this research is to examine the knowledge management of Korean firms and the factors explaining it. Using the samples collected from 126 Korean firms who formed IJVs, we showed that the role of Korean firm is changing from knowledge seeker to knowledge provider. Furthermore, we found that an exploitation motive, an entry in to a developing country, and a formal communication approach are positively related to the knowledge transfer. Then, an exploration motive, an entry to a developed country, and trust were shown significant in explaining knowledge acquisition. Contrary to our expectation, contingency adoptability of the contract showed a negative influence on knowledge acquisition. Our research would be a stepping stone for the future research on knowledge management of Korean firms in IJVs.

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