미국 민사배심의 정당성과 민사배심의 활성화 방안에 대한 분석
Analysis of the Justification of the Civil Jury and Revitalization of the American Civil Jury
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이 글은 미국 민사배심의 정당성과 활성화에 관한 것이다. 민사배심은 시민의 참여를 통한 사법의 민주화를 구현시키는 제도이다. 특히 심의민주주의의 기능은 민사배심을 정당화하는 중요한 요소이다. 시민의 목소리가 공익적 문제에 반영되는 최적의 방식은 단순한 투표를 넘어서 문제의 해결을 위한 재판에 시민이 직접 참여하는 것이다. 정치적 제도로서 민사배심의 민주적 정당성이 여전히 존재함에도 불구하고 미국의 많은 주와 연방의 법원들은 민사배심에 의한 재판이 쇠퇴하는 것을 겪고 있다. 이에 따라 주와 지역, 그리고 연방 법원에서 다양한 형태의 기구를 설립하여 민사배심의 부활을 시도하고 있다. 이러한 시도의 바탕에는 배심원들이 그 복무에 있어서 보다 존중받을 수 있고, 사생활을 보다 보장받을 수 있도록 하여야 한다는 인식이 중요하게 자리하고 있다.
Abstract
This paper explores the justification of the American civil jury system. The civil jury has offered democratic deliberations through citizen participation. This paper examines the deliberative democracy as it relates to the jury system. Today, deliberative democracy is best reflected in situations where citizens have opportunities themselves to deliberate. The civil jury system has been known to be the most deliberative institution that has championed the voice of citizens into public affairs than that associated with simple voting, advocacy, or protests. Despite the legitimacy of the jury system as a political institution, there are declines of civil jury trials in the state and federal courts. Many states and federal court districts established bench or bar commissions to examine the health and vitality of the civil jury system in their respective jurisdictions. The recommendations debated and issued by these commissions addressed every conceivable aspect of contemporary jury service. They suggested ways to facilitate the ability of citizens to participate in the justice system through jury service. They promoted efforts to treat jurors with dignity and respect through improved use of jurors’ time and the recognition of jurors’ legitimate expectations for privacy.
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