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악곡의 복잡도와 한국 초등학생들의 음악 선호도의 상관연구

Correlation between Musical Complexity and Musical Preference in Elementary School Students in Korea

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21세기 학습자를 위한 학교음악교육에 관련된 문제들은 현대교육에서 중요한 문제로 간주되고 있다. 특히 ‘학습자 주도성’이라는 개념과 관련된 교실문화 형성은 교육적 관점에서 다차원적으로 연구 되고 있다. 학습자를 위한 내적, 외적 음악 문화 환경의 조성이라는 측면에서 볼 때 음악적 선호도에 대한 문제는 이러한 교육적 영역에 직접적으로 영향을 주고 밀접하게 연관된다. 이 연구의 목적은 첫째 음악 선호도를 규정지을 수 있는 주요 변인들 중 악곡이 지닌 복잡도와 음악 청각 발달의 결정적 시기에 있는 초등연령 학습자들의 음악 선호도와의 상관관계에서 나타나는 결과들을 분석하고, 둘째 분석결과를 바탕으로 21세기 변화된 사회-문화 환경 속에서 다양한 음악 장르에 노출되고 있는 한국의 초등학생들의 음악 선호도 경향에서 추정할 수 있는 주요한 교육적 의미들을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 두 번의 실험이 실시되었고, 첫 번째는 95명, 두 번째는 344명의 초등학생들을 대상으로 하였다. 악곡의 복잡도는 섀넌(Shannon)의 엔트로피(entropy)를 사용하여 수치화하였다. 연구 결과 선호도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 복잡도, 친숙도, 음악훈련, 성별이 있었고, 복잡도 외에 선호도에 미칠 수 있는 여러 다른 요인들을 통제하여 분석한 결과, 악곡의 복잡도가 높을수록 초등학습자의 선호도가 낮아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 역 U형의 분트 곡선 중 복잡도가 높은 곡들에서 나타나는 현상이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 교육적인 측면에서 보았을 때 다양한 악곡들이 단지 교육용 악곡으로 교육과정에 투입되어야 할 뿐 아니라 학습자의 선호도에 미치는 요인들을 고려하여 교수학습방법론에 대한 다양화, 구체화를 필요로 한다는 것을 보여준다.

Abstract

Educational matters in school music education for the 21st century learner are regarded as one of the prominent issues in contemporary education. Specifically, how to generate the classroom culture that is relevant to the learner–agency concepts have been investigated from the multi-dimensional educational perspectives. Issues concerning music preference are paralleled with and can be directly influenced with concerned educational areas regarding how to provide the inner and external music-cultural contexts for the learner. The purposes of this study are the following: first, to analyze the relationship between the musical complexity and the preference of elementary school aged children who are in a critical period in the course of developing the aural perception and sensitivity. Second, major educational implications are suggested that have been drawn from the result of analysis, which shows the tendency of the music preference focused on the elementary school children in Korea who are exposed to diverse genres of music under the transformed 21st century societal-cultural environment. To achieve these purposes, two experimentations have been undertaken for the 95 and 344 subjects each. To quantify the level of musical complexity of each piece, Shannon’s entropy formula was used to obtain the objective reference of the framework. The results revealed that the factors determining the preference were musical complexity, familiarity, musical training, and gender. The researchers also confirmed that the higher the complexity goes, the lower the preference reduces having controlled other variables other than complexity, This phenomena could be seen to appear within the high complexity, musical pieces in accordance with the inverted-U shaped curve, The result reveals that not only the implementation of diverse genres of music into the school music curriculum but also more specified and an effective instructional methodology should be provided considering the critical factors of musical preference formation of the learner.

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