음악 인지능력 신장을 위한 음악학습활동 구성방안 연구
A Study on Organizing Music Learning Activities to Enhance Musical Cognitive Ability
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초록
음악은 소리의 의미 있는 구성과 표현을 통해서 이루어지는 예술이다. 따라서 음악적 사건 안에서 나타나는 소리의 특징을 변별하고 이들 음악적 사건이 갖는 특성과 의미를 인식하는 음악 인지능력은 모든 음악활동에 있어 근본이 되는 중요한 능력이라고 볼 수 있다. 음악능력의 근간을 이루는 음악 인지과정에 대한 연구는 그간 다양하게 이루어져 왔으며 아동의 음악 인지능력의 발달에 관한 다양한 이론들이 제시되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 음악 인지능력 발달이론에 나타난 초등학교 연령 어린이들의 음악 인지발달의 특성을 종합적으로 정리하여 음악 인지능력 신장을 촉진 시킬 수 있는 학교음악학습활동구성의 구체방안을 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 음악 인지능력에 관한 지각적 측면, 표현적 측면, 그리고 상징화의 측면에서 인지발달이론들이 검토되었다. 아동들은 그들의 연령에 따라 서로 다른 방식으로 음악자극을 처리하며, 받아들인 음악적 자극에 의미를 부여하고 이를 상징화하는 과정 역시 단계에따른 질적 차이를 보이고 있다. 기존의 음악 인지능력 발달과 관련된 연구들은 아동의 음악 인지능력이연령적 성숙 외에 적극적 경험과 학습에 의하여 그 깊이와 범위가 확장 될 수 있다는 증거들을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 음악 인지발달이론들과 관련 연구 결과들을 중심으로, 인지능력신장을고려한 음악학습활동 구성을 위한 학습활동구성 모형과 그에 따른 적용 예의 제시를 통하여 초등음악학습에서의 음악 인지능력 신장 방안을 탐색하였다.
Abstract
Music is a form of art that is created by organizing and expressing sounds in meaningful ways. In this regard, musical cognitive ability, with which one finds the distinctive features of the sounds that appear in musical events and perceives the characteristics and meanings of the musical events, may be seen as a fundamental capacity for all musical activities. A number of studies have been conducted on the process of musical cognition, which forms the basis of musical ability, and various theories on the development of children’s musical cognitive ability have been advanced as well. The objective of this study is to present a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of musical cognitive development among elementary school children that appeared in theories on the development of musical cognitive ability, and to suggest specific plans for organizing school music learning activities that may facilitate the development of cognitive ability. To do so, theories on cognitive development were reviewed from perceptual, expressive and symbolic perspectives on musical cognitive ability. It is found that children of different ages process musical stimulation differently, and that they show qualitative differences in the processes of giving meanings to and symbolizing the accepted musical stimulation. Previous studies related to the development of musical cognitive ability provide evidence that children’s musical cognitive ability can expand in its depth and scope not only based on maturity over age but also through active experience and learning. Therefore, based on theories on musical cognitive development and related research results, this study presents a model for organizing learning activities to ultimately organize musical learning activities that take into account the development of cognitive ability, and suggests its actual applications, thereby exploring measures to enhance children's musical cognitive ability in music lessons in elementary schools.
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