보충적 난민수용 경로(complementary pathways)와 난민보호: 캐나다의 노동경로와 TBB 모델을 중심으로
The Complementary Pathways and Refugee Protection : Canada's Employment Pathway and TBB Model
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국제사회는 2018년 난민 글로벌컴팩트를 채택하며 난민보호에 있어 비국가 행위자의 역할을 강조하는 “전 사회적 접근”을 새로운 방향으 로 제시하였다. 이 가운데 보충적 난민수용 경로(complementary pathways)는 난민보호를 다양한 이주경로와 결합하는 대안으로 주목 받고 있다. 그렇다면 보충적 난민수용 경로는 전통적 형태의 난민보 호의실패를극복할수있는대안이될수있을까? 이연구는보충적 난민수용 경로 중 캐나다의 노동경로의 사례를 분석하며, 특히 주요 국가들이 공통적으로 채택하고 있는 TBB(Talent Beyond Boundaries) 모델의 가능성과 한계를 논의하고자 한다. 이 연구는 노동경로가 가 지는 찬반 논란에도 불구하고 보충적 난민수용 경로가 다양한 이주경 로의 연계를 통해 새로운 난민보호의 양식을 만들어낼 수 있다는 점 에 주목한다. 즉, 노동경로로 대표되는 보충적 난민수용 경로가 난민 의 경제적 자립을 돕는 것 뿐만 아니라 수용국 내의 부정적 인식을 변화시킬 수 있으며, 민간영역의 역할과 책임 분담을 통해 전사회적 접근을 실현할 수 있다는 것을 강조한다.
Abstract
The international community has been searching for a new paradigm of refugee protection, which concluded in the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) in 2018. The adoption of the GCR in 2018 facilitated the positive contribution of non-state actors in refugee protection. This study analyzes the idea and debates around the complementary pathways in the context of the “whole-of-society approach” adopted under the GCR paradigm. This research examines the opportunities and limitations of the employment pathways through the Canadian case and then evaluates the Talent Beyond Boundaries (TBB) model. This study argues, despite the remaining questions, that the participation of the private sector in the employment pathway as alternative refugee protection is necessary to enhance refugee protection.
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