글로벌 난민 레짐의 변화: 난민 글로벌 컴팩트의 의미와 한계
Changes in Global Refugee Regime: the Meaning and Limitations of the Global Compact on Refugees
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본 논문의 주요 목적은 난민 위기로 촉발된 글로벌 난민 레짐의 변화를 난민 글로벌 컴팩트를 중심으로 분석하고, 책임 분담 메커니즘과포괄적 난민대응체제가 가진 의미와 한계를 분석하는 것이다. 본 논문은 선진국과 후진국 간 책임의 불균형과 장기화된 난민 상황이 난민 위기의 주요 특징이라고 본다. 그러나 글로벌 난민 레짐은 난민 보호를 위한 책임 분담을 명확히 하고, 장기화된 난민 상황을 극복하기위한 대안적 해결책을 제시하는데 한계가 있었다. 난민 글로벌 컴팩트는 이러한 글로벌 난민 레짐의 문제점을 개선하기 위한 시도이다. 난민 글로벌 컴팩트는 책임 분담 메커니즘을 강화하기 위해 글로벌난민 포럼과 지원 플랫폼이라는 제도를 마련하고 있으며, 인도주의- 개발 연계에 기반 한 포괄적 난민대응체제를 제시하고 있다. 본 논문은 난민 글로벌 컴팩트의 책임 분담 기제가 구체적인 지표와 모니터링 절차를 통해 책임 분담을 촉진시키는 데 한계가 있고, 포괄적 난민대응체제는 난민의 경제적 역량에만 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 신자유주의적 관점에 기반하여 개인의 책임을 강조함으로써 난민 레짐의본래 목적인 난민 보호를 소홀히 할 가능성이 있다고 주장한다
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the change of global refugee regime focusing on Global Compact on Refugees. In this article, I demonstrate the meaning and limitations of the responsibility-sharing mechanisms and the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework within Global Compact on Refugees. The key elements of the current refugee crisis are disproportionate burden on refugee-hosting countries, and protracted refugee situations. However global refugee regime has limits in specifying the responsibility-sharing for the protection of refugees, and it has failed to provide alternative solutions to overcome protracted refugee situations. Many expect that Global Compact on Refugees has the potential to fix the problems of global refugee regime. Global Compact on Refugees provide Global Refugee Forum and Support Platform in order to strengthen the responsibility-sharing. It also offers the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework based on humanitarian-development nexus. This article argues that Global Compact on Refugees is insufficient for elaborating indicators and monitoring procedure. It points out that the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework mainly focuses on economic capability of refugees without considering the multi-dimensional capability, and its neoliberal view might neglect the protection of refugees, which should be the ultimate goal of global refugee regime.
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