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초등학생의 불안 및 우울 수준이얼굴 표정의 정서 지각 역치 수준과 민감성에 미치는 영향

Effect of anxiety or depression levels on perceptual thresholds and sensitivity in detecting facial emotions in elementary school students

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 높은 불안 혹은 우울 수준을 보고하는 초등학생들이 얼굴 표정의 긍/부정 정서를 지각함에 있어 정상 아동과 정서 지각의 역치 수준이 다른 지 살펴보고, 얼굴 표정에서의 정서 강도 변화에 따라 민감하게 반응하는지를 측정고자 하였다. 초등학교 4학년부터 6학년을 대상으로 아동용 불안 척도(RCMAS)와 우울 척도(CDI)로 불안 및 우울 수준을 측정하였고 분석에 포함된 인원은 불안 척도 236명, 우울 척도 216명이다. 각 척도 표준화 논문의 상위 1 표준 편차를 기준으로 상위 집단과 정상 집단을 구분하였고(정상 집단: 불안 N=220, 우울 N=194 / 상위 집단: 불안 N=16, 우울 N=22) 11개 수준의 긍/부정 정서 강도로 구성된 얼굴 표정 정서 지각 과제를 이용하여 각 집단의 정서 지각 역치와 민감성을 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 긍정 정서의 경우 정상에 비해 우울 상위 집단에서만 낮은 강도의 웃는 표정에서 ‘기쁨’ 정서를 지각하였고, 부정 정서의 경우에는 불안과 우울 상위 집단 모두 낮은 강도의 화난 표정에서 ‘분노’를 지각하였다. 또한 불안과 우울 상위 집단 모두 ‘분노’ 얼굴 표정 정서의 강도 변화에 둔감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 정상과 비교하여 불안/우울 상위 집단이 긍정보다는 부정 정서에서의 역치와 민감성에서 차이를 보임을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 함의와 한계에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study investigated differences in elementary school children's perceptual thresholds to detect positive and negative emotions in facial expressions, and explored differences in perceptual sensitivity by changes of emotional intensity based on their anxiety and depression levels. Participants were elementary school students in grades 4 through 6. The students' anxiety and depression levels were estimated using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (n = 236) and the Children's Depression Inventory (n = 216). We divided our sample into an “elevated” group (1 SD above the mean) and a “normal” group (the rest of the participants) based on their anxiety and depression scores. Using the facial emotional perception task consisting of 11 intensity levels of positive and negative facial emotions, we estimated perceptual thresholds and sensitivity of the each group. For positive emotions, the highly depressive group perceived ‘happiness’ at lower intensities of happy facial expressions compared to the normal group. For negative emotions, both the elevated anxious and depressive groups perceived ‘anger’ at lower intensities of angry facial expressions compared to the normal groups. Compared to the normal groups, the perceptual sensitivity was significantly lower in both the anxiety- and depression-elevated groups, revealing that those children were less sensitive to changes in facial emotional expressions. Therefore, there were differences in perceptual thresholds and sensitivity between the highly anxious/depressed groups and the normal groups, especially with respect to negative emotions. Implications and limitations are discussed.

참고문헌 (49)

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