한국 근대경찰사 小考

Abstract

Compared to the development of modern policing in Korea, the history of Police Science in Korea is relatively short.“Police Administration” was first adopted as an educational course at Dongguk University in the early 1960s. Now, expansion of Police Science is rapidly progressing in Korea as interest in scholarly and practical research in Police Science spreads throughout the country. However, progress is much less satisfactory in systemizing research and establishing the academic identity of Police Science, as well as determining the boundaries with other similar fields of research. Perspectives on Police Science and the criminal justice system in general differ significantly among researchers of different academic backgrounds. Development of modern policing in Korea can be generally divided into two eras. First was in 1894 during the Gabo(甲午) reforms, when Korea adopted from Japan the concept of policing based on administrative law from the continental legal tradition of France and Germany. During this era, the traditional system of law enforcement in Korea also had been strongly influenced. Another era is after the liberation from Japanese colonial occupation and temporary US military administration after World War Ⅱ, when the concept of policing based on police administration was adopted. This era is marked by strong influence from the Anglo-American criminal justice system, particularly in terms of administration and maintaining public order. This article attempts to verify the identity of Police Science convoluted by two distinctive influences from the continental tradition and the Anglo-American tradition. Basically, this article takes the historical approach of analysis on police science to clarify the process of how the continental tradition of policing was introduced to Korea from Japan during the era of Gabo reforms. Through analyzing diverse historical data,a clear definition of the continental tradition of police laws is given to help understand Police Science in Korea. By focusing on the introductory stage of modern policing during the pre-colonial period of Korean history,this research attempts to give a clearer picture of the state and identity of Police Science in Korea.