남강상류 가야고분군의 입지와 분포 패턴 - GIS를 이용한 경관고고학적 해석과 네트워크 분석 -

Abstract

Ancient tombs provide clues to identify the social and ideological context that played a role in the location selection process, the strategies of the chiefs to expand their political power, as well as the political and economic interactions among the tomb-building communities. Based on the landscape and distribution analysis methods of these ancient tombs, the analysis of the upper Namgang River was conducted to examine the dynamic development of Gaya's local polities. During the mid-5th and early 6th centuries, there were local polities of Dae-Gaya, represented by Sangcheong Saengcho tombs, Hamyang Baekcheonri tombs, Namwon Yugori-Durakri tombs, and Wolsanri tombs; and So-Gaya polities which are represented by Sancheong Jungchonri tombs and Hapcheon Samga tombs in the upper Namgang River region. The political communities that formed these ancient tombs used a strategy to differentiate the power of the chief and to establish the identity of the community through the intentional organizing of the landscape. Analysis of the inter-site visibility pattern between the central tombs and the settlements shows that each central tomb was placed high enough to view its surroundings and had the location conditions that were constantly exposed to the living space of the members of the community. In the case of the Sangcho tombs and the Jungchonri tombs, the tombs are separated from the living space with the river as the boundary, which is also intended to control access to the burial place of the chiefs. It is understood that these locational features reflect the strategy of creating a landscape among the chiefs to emphasize classical differentiation and to strengthen the identity of the community by making the chiefs themselves politically powerful through the tombs. Most of the tombs of the upper Namgang River were forming independent zones that did not share visibility, and each of the central and the peripheral tombs maintained the sphere of influence interacting within a radius of 10 kilometers. Given the dense nature of the tomb distribution, it appears that there was a settlement system with at least a four-tier hierarchy in this area. In the upper Namgang River regional polity, both the Dae-Gaya and the So-Gaya pottery styles are identified to co-exist. This suggests that there was a flow of human and material resources and an exchange of information along the river system. The network analysis of a radius of 20 kilometers showed that most central tombs share the interaction zone. Therefore, it is thought that there was a network of economic union in the upper Namgang River mediated by manufactured goods.