가야 고지(故地) 청동기시대 사회의 복합화 유형 검토— GIS를 이용한 취락패턴 분석을 중심으로 —

Abstract

This paper analyzed the distribution pattern of settlements in the Bronze Age, focusing on the Yeongnam region, which was the basis for the establishment of Gaya. In particular, the spatial distribution pattern of settlements in the late Bronze Age was reconstructed from a multi-scale perspective, and the background of the formation of settlement patterns was examined based on political economy theory. What was noted here was that the distribution density of settlements varies by region. In the Jonam River and Jucheon River basins, a strong interaction relationship with the high-density distribution of sites was confirmed. On the other hand, in the Nam River basin, the distribution density of sites was relatively low, and large-scale settlements formed a somewhat independent distribution pattern. The settlement pattern was reviewed on the premise that such regional differentiation in the distribution of settlements could appear according to the power expansion strategy of politically motivated leaders who want to dominate the group. In the Jonam River and Jucheon River basins, the leaders of the settlement communities were implementing a group-oriented strategy to strengthen the solidarity of the group and the control of the labor force to secure the political and economic foundation. The means was the manipulation of ideology through the act of burial rituals. These interactions within the community served as the background for forming a central-peripheral settlement relationship. On the other hand, the discriminatory status relationship according to the scale of the political economy of these settlement communities was acting as a factor for forming a vertical settlement structure at the regional level. Particularly noteworthy in this basin is the large-scale dolmen with burial platform of Gusan-dong and Deokcheon-ri. This is interpreted as the result of a political strategy that attempted to realize social integration through the act of burial rituals in which all members participate, coupled with the demand for strong leadership to actively cope with the rapidly changing external situation. Such integration on a regional scale and expansion of political power would have served as the background for the establishment of the Guya-State. On the other hand, in the Namgang River basin, the leaders of the unit settlements used a group-oriented strategy to expand political power through the maintenance and reinforcement of an intensive agricultural production system internally, and externally, they used a network strategy that competed to secure prestige goods and supernatural goods. This was the background of forming a horizontal linkage pattern of individual settlements, although there is a central settlement called Daepyeong-ri. In other words, within the unit settlement, the chief advanced the social complexity through a group-oriented common strategy, but it did not develop into a hierarchical organization at the regional level. This settlements system can be seen as a factor in which a complex society such as the Guya state was not established in the Namgang River basin. In this way, in the late Bronze Age, the social complexity of the Gaya territory was developed differently according to the leader's strategy to expand political power and environmental factors. This would have served as the background for the Byenhan states to be established with different statuses.