횡령사건 양형에 있어 개인적 요인과 법원 요인의 영향력 비교 연구
A comparison between individual factors and court organizational factors on sentencing outcome for embezzlement offences
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본 연구는 횡령사건 양형의 차이를 유발하는 요인을 논하는 연구로서 피고인을 비롯한 변호사와 판사의 개인적 요인과 법원이라는 조직적 요인의 영향력을 비교하는 것을 주요 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 2009년부터 2012년까지 광역시 소재 법원에서 1심 선고를 받은 2,110건의 횡령사건을 중심으로 위계적선형분석(HLM)을 실시하였다. 피고인, 변호사, 그리고 판사 정보를 제1수준 자료로 분류하고, 법원의 연간 담당사건을 형사사건과 전체사건 그리고 법원 당 판사수를 제 2수준 자료로 분류하였다. 그 결과 법원에 따라 횡령사건 선고량은 차이가 있으나 그 영향력은 미비하며 법원의 사건이나 법원의 판사 수에 따라 선고량이 달라지지는 않음을 발견하였다. 개인적 요인을 더욱 섬세하게 분석하기 위하여 다층선형회귀분석을 실시하였고, 그 결과 피고인의 범죄의 심각도와 범죄경력, 변호사 존재여부, 그리고 재판부 종류가 실질적인 선고량의 차이를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 그 중에서도 범죄의 심각도에 속하는 상세유형과 경합사건수가 실질적으로 가장 큰 영향력을 행사하고 있음을 발견하지만 판사의 나이나 연수원 기수 등은 양형에 유의미한 영향력을 발휘하지 못하였다. 이를 요약하면 횡령사건의 양형은 법원에 의해 차이가 나기는 하지만 그 요인들은 조직적 효과성 측면에서는 설명하기 어렵고 개인적 수준(특히 법적 요인)에서 충분히 설명이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 더욱 구체적인 연구내용과 함의는 논문의 본문에서 구체적으로 다루도록 한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the court organization on sentencing decision for embezzlement cases and to compare the influence of individual factors and court organizational factors. The used data were sentenced in the first trial located on the metropolitan city from 2009 to 2012. We classified the defendants, attorney and judges' information into 1-level data. And then, we conducted a hierarchical linear analysis (HLM) after classifying the number of judges, number of criminal cases, and number of entire cases per court as the 2-level data. As a result of HLM, it was found that the sentence length was not affected by organizational factors such as the number of case or the number of judges in the court. That is, all significant factors affecting sentencing disparity were individual factors. According to the result of the hierarchical linear regression analysis to analyze more precisely the individual factors, the severity of the crime, the criminal history, the presence of the attorney, and the type of judge resulted in the disparity in the length. Moreover, it was found that crime severity of the type of embezzlement(based on the amount of benefit) and criminal history had the greatest influence. On the other hand, judge information such as year of Judicial Research and Training Institute, birth year, and sex failed to show the significant influence on the disparity of the length of the sentence. In summary, the length of sentence for embezzlement cases is different by courts, but it is difficult to explain the factors in terms of organizational effectiveness. Rather, it could be explained sufficiently at the individual level. The detailed result and implications will be discussed in the main body of this paper
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