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Nuclear Energy Policy Swing: Expansion and Contraction in South Korea

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A nuclear energy policy swing refers to expansion or contraction of nuclear energy in energy mix. By surveying the history of the formation, evolution, and transformation of the contemporary state of nuclear energy throughout different political administrations, including the Lee (2008-2012), Park (2013-2016), Moon (2017-2022), and Yoon (2022-current) administrations in South Korea. This study argues that political coalitions are integral in nuclear energy policy change in specific and general energy policy. During the Lee, Park, and Yoon administrations, a nuclear energy developmental state emerged with a strong coalition between politicians, bureaucrats, and the nuclear industry with support from the nuclear energy epistemic community. However, the Moon administration is characterized by a different coalition that includes politicians, civil society organizations, and the post-nuclear energy epistemic community, which propels energy transition from nuclear energy to a decentralized renewable energy system. The nuclear energy swing sees a 5-year term back-and-forth between expansion and contraction due to the highly polarized energy policy debate in South Korea. This begets inconsistent and short-term energy policies, but does suggest a predictable pattern can be discerned for the future of domestic nuclear energy. To break the cycle, a consensus among citizens, experts, and politicians, long-term and coherent nuclear energy policies should be designed and implemented to tackle energy security and climate change.

Abstract

A nuclear energy policy swing refers to expansion or contraction of nuclear energy in energy mix. By surveying the history of the formation, evolution, and transformation of the contemporary state of nuclear energy throughout different political administrations, including the Lee (2008-2012), Park (2013-2016), Moon (2017-2022), and Yoon (2022-current) administrations in South Korea. This study argues that political coalitions are integral in nuclear energy policy change in specific and general energy policy. During the Lee, Park, and Yoon administrations, a nuclear energy developmental state emerged with a strong coalition between politicians, bureaucrats, and the nuclear industry with support from the nuclear energy epistemic community. However, the Moon administration is characterized by a different coalition that includes politicians, civil society organizations, and the post-nuclear energy epistemic community, which propels energy transition from nuclear energy to a decentralized renewable energy system. The nuclear energy swing sees a 5-year term back-and-forth between expansion and contraction due to the highly polarized energy policy debate in South Korea. This begets inconsistent and short-term energy policies, but does suggest a predictable pattern can be discerned for the future of domestic nuclear energy. To break the cycle, a consensus among citizens, experts, and politicians, long-term and coherent nuclear energy policies should be designed and implemented to tackle energy security and climate change.

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