Civic Organizations and Digital Activism: Challenges to Social Integration in South Korea
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This study examines the transformation of South Korean civic activism from traditional organization-centered movements to decentralized digital activism, emphasizing its implications for social integration. After democratization, civic organizations contributed to political reform and social cohesion, but later faced declining public trust due to politicization and institutional entanglement. Since the 2000s, digital platforms have enabled networked, individualized participation, reshaping political engagement. Cases such as the 2004 anti-impeachment protests, the 2008 candlelight demonstrations, and the 2016-2017 impeachment movement demonstrate the shift toward flexible, decentralized activism. While digital activism has expanded participation and diversified political expression, it has posed new challenges to sustaining collective solidarity. This paper argues that fostering rational discourse, emotional solidarity, and inclusive participation is critical for achieving sustainable social integration in the digital era. South Korea’s experience offers valuable insights for democracies navigating fragmentation and civic renewal in the 21st century.
Abstract
This study examines the transformation of South Korean civic activism from traditional organization-centered movements to decentralized digital activism, emphasizing its implications for social integration. After democratization, civic organizations contributed to political reform and social cohesion, but later faced declining public trust due to politicization and institutional entanglement. Since the 2000s, digital platforms have enabled networked, individualized participation, reshaping political engagement. Cases such as the 2004 anti-impeachment protests, the 2008 candlelight demonstrations, and the 2016-2017 impeachment movement demonstrate the shift toward flexible, decentralized activism. While digital activism has expanded participation and diversified political expression, it has posed new challenges to sustaining collective solidarity. This paper argues that fostering rational discourse, emotional solidarity, and inclusive participation is critical for achieving sustainable social integration in the digital era. South Korea’s experience offers valuable insights for democracies navigating fragmentation and civic renewal in the 21st century.