서구 시각에서 본 남중국해를 둘러싼 중국의 패권주의 연구
Analysis of the Chinese Supremacy in the South China Sea : A Western Point of View
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이 논문은 서구 시각에서 본 남중국해 해양 분쟁에 나타난 중국의 패권주의를 다루고 있다. 또한 남중국해는 중국의 경제 실리적 패권과 미국의 전통적 패권이 서로 충돌하는 헤게모니의 장이 되고 있으며, 중국의 패권주의는 동남아시아뿐만 아니라 다른 아시아 국가들의 군비확장 추세로 나아가는 계기가 되고 있음도 분석되어 있다. 동남아시아 분쟁국들 가운데 필리핀, 베트남과 중국의 갈등이 첨예화되어 있고, 그 밖에 남중국해 인접국인 말레이시아, 인도네시아, 브루나이, 캄보디아, 싱가포르, 태국은 남중국해의 분쟁지역인 스프래틀리 제도, 파라셀 제도 및 스카보로 사구에서 소극적 입장을 취하거나 분쟁지역의 직접 이해 당사자가 아니기 때문에 갈등에서 비켜 서 있다. 2012년 남중국해를 둘러싼 갈등을 보는 서구의 시각에는 중국이 에너지자원 확보를 위해서 남중국해 인접국들과 무력충돌 위험까지 감수하면서 패권 양상을 띠고 있다는 입장이 주도적으로 나타나고 있다. 이 논문은 목차에서 보여주는 바와 같이 크게 두 부분, 첫째 남중국해의 분쟁원인과 분쟁국들의 주장과 문제점, 둘째 남중국해에서 중국의 패권과 인접국들 사이의 갈등, 중국의 경제 실리적 패권주의의 본질 및 이로 인한 미국과의 갈등을 다루고 있다.
Abstract
This analysis is divided into two parts, analysis of the conflict zones in the SCS and how China shows its supremacy. The SCS is the most important marginal sea in the world through which more than 50% of the world’s ships transit. More importantly the SCS is known to have a reservoir of huge oil and gas reserves beneath its seabed, adding to its importance in geopolitics. The sovereignty claims to the SCS have been a source of dispute between China, which claims its sovereignty over almost all of this territory, including Paracel Islands, Spratly Archipelago, and Scarborough Shoal in the SCS and other Southeast Asia countries (Vietnam claiming the Paracel Islands, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei claiming the Spratly Islands, the Philippines claiming the Scarborough Shoal). As China has been reinforcing its supremacy by increasing its military force, strengthening national law, and establishing a new city ‘Sansha’ to exercise authority over the SCS, the disputing countries, especially Vietnam and Philippines have - with the help of the US - raised the issue against China. The US, along with Southeast Asia countries which ask for help, has been in the lead to impede China's supremacy since it solidified the Policy of the Asia-Pacific Region in 2010. Accordingly the dispute over the SCS has led to a conflict between US's hegemonism and China's supremacy and led to a build up of the military equipment in Asia-Pacific countries, which has caused considerable political unrest in the Asia-Pacific region. Unless there is a peaceful scheme or a joint development treaty to restrain China's supremacy, the conflict between China and other Southeast Asian countries as well as the US would be intensified. While China keeps causing conflicts against other neighboring countries, it is gaining economical profit through development of oil deposits. Thus China is exercising its practical supremacy over the East China Sea as well as over the SCS. Although presently Korea is undergoing hardships in disputs about Dokdo and Ieodo with huge neighboring nations, Korea is in a more favorable position but needs to find various ways of practical governing of those regions. The historical evidence of governing is important, but through the case analysis of China's supremacy it is concluded that practical governing is the most important way for Korea to claim the authority over those regions against Japan, which itself claims its sovereignty over Dokdo against Korea and China, that ignores the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982, rein- forcing its own practical governing and claims of sovereignty over Ieodo.
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