조선시대 서리 기상기록 분석과 역사지진기록과의 상관성 고찰

Abstract

This is a syntactic analysis of the meteorological records focused on frost history of Joseon (1392-1910) Korea. For this, a chronological chart containing 694 total observations is established based on the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (519 years). Upon this chart, the monthly, periodical, and regional distribution analyses of meteorological phenomena are made. The monthly analysis reveals the highest frequencies for spring frost in April (14%), May (36%) and June (17%). The fall frosts are registered in September (14%) and October (10%). The commonly known 'May-June frost' terminology is deduced from the Joseon records. By the chronology of Joseon kings the highest numbers of frost are recorded during the time of Jungjong (20%), Injo (11%) and Sungjong (15%). Examined by a 100-year interval, the 17th century (17c) is discovered to be the highest numbered (240 observations, 35%) followed by the 16c (206, 30), 15c (111, 16) and 19c (4, 0.6). A 50-year interval analysis reveals double parabola graphs, in which the early 16c during the time of king Jungjong marks the highest (156 cases, 23%). A rapid increase is noticed since Injo Restoration in the early 17c right after the Japanese invasion. In the late 17c there was a resurgence (143, 21%). The number tends to increase in the late 18c during king Youngjo and Jeongjo period. The number began to decrease to its complete demolition in 19c. A ten-year interval analysis reveals the largest number of frost calamities that occurred in the early Joseon, 1510s~1560s (Jungjong~Seonjo, 60 years). The longest record of frost calamities was recorded in the late Joseon, 1640s~1750s (Injo~Yeongjo, 140 years). The situation became stable in the period, 1760s~1900s (150 years). According to the records of Hanyang (Seoul) the first frost was gradually delayed as centuries passed, thus showing a sign of warming tendency of Korean peninsula. The registered dates, for example, are September 14th~24th in the end of 14c~early 16c; October 3rd~8th in the late 16c~early 18c; and October 9th~14th in the late 18c~early 20c. Next, this study explores the 1,490 observations of earthquake recorded during Joseon. They are compared with frost records for periodic and regional correlation analyses. A 100-year interval analysis shows parabolas for both frost and earthquake records. A 50-year interval shows the identical or similar high and low points, and a 10-year interval also shows the similarity. Finally a regional analysis for Hanyang and eight provinces is made to explore the correlation between frost and earthquakes. It resulted in two inferences. First, there is the close correlation between the two. The regional frost recorded repeatedly occurred all over in Jeolla province in May, 1455. The medium level earthquakes occurred in April 13th and May 18th, and the stronger Nagan earthquake, in January 15th 1455. Second, the highest number of frost in a year (30 observations) occurred during April 3rd~June 5th (64 days) in 1520. They were centered on Jeolla province and spread to Gyeong-gi, Chungcheong, Hwanghae and Gangweon provinces. This indicates a possible connection with the earthquakes in the west coast region in April 4th and other 28 observations in April and May. The huge Hanyang earthquake that effected the whole peninsula in June 22, 1518 (31 observations) and 1519 (31 observations) are thought to be also connected to the frost records. This study is a synthetic restructure of the historic meteorological records of Joseon focused on frost. It is hoped that the correlation between frost and earthquakes will be further studied to enrich the study of meteorological calamities of the Korean peninsula.