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경쟁법 집행에서 경제이론 및 경제분석의 역할

The Role of Economic Theory and Economic Analysis in Competition Law Enforcement

이상규
법학연구소 (The Institute of Legal Studies Konkuk University)|2023.11|경제규제와 법|제16권 제2호|pp. 150-170|DOI 10.22732/CeLPU.2023.16.2.150

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키워드

경쟁법효율성Efficiency구조주의StructuralismCompetition Law소비자후생Consumer WelfareEconomic Analysis경제분석경제이론행태주의Economic TheoryBehavioralism
주제분류법학

초록

과거 경쟁법은 경쟁 과정의 보호를 직접적 목표로 삼았던 반면, 근래에는 경쟁 보호를 소비자후생 증진과 경제적 효율성을 달성하기 위한 수단으로 간주한다는 공감대가 널리 형성되고 있다. 경쟁법에 대한 이러한 인식의 변화로 최근에는 경쟁법 제⋅개정과 집행에 있어서 다양한 경제이론과 경제분석의 결과를 고려하고 반영하게 되었으며, 경쟁 당국의 법적 판단과 경쟁법 집행 등에서도 경제학의 영향은 지속해서 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이와 같은 경향은 이론 및 실증경제학의 발전, 경쟁 당국에서 경제학자의 지위 상승 및 역할 증대, 반독점 소송에 대한 경제학자들의 적극적 참여 등에 기인하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 경제학이 경쟁법의 제⋅개정에 미친 영향을 간략히 살펴보고, 경제학의 기여가 가장 크다고 판단되는 반경쟁 집행에 대해서도 살펴본다. 그리고 해외 경쟁 당국에 비견하여 우리나라 공정거래위원회의 바람직한 변화 방향에 대해 간략히 서술해 본다.

Abstract

While in the past competition law had the direct goal of protecting the competitive process, there has recently been a widespread consensus that competition protection is viewed as a means to achieve consumer welfare and economic efficiency. Due to this change in perception of competition law, economic theories and results of economic analysis have recently been considered and reflected in the enactment and enforcement of competition law, and the influence of economics in legal judgment and enforcement by competition authorities is continuously increasing. This trend is due to the development of economics, the rising status and increasing role of economists in competition authorities, and the active participation of economists in antitrust litigation. Accordingly, this paper briefly examines the impact of economics on the enforcement competition law and explores the areas where economic contributions are considered most significant, particularly in anti-competitive enforcement. Finally, a brief description is provided regarding the direction of change in the Fair Trade Commission of Korea compared to overseas competition authorities.

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