The Meaning of Consumer Welfare in Competition Law Revisited
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독점규제 및 공정거래에 관한 법률 (혹은 공정거래법) 제 1조는 자유롭고 공정한 경쟁을 촉진함으로써, 창의적인 기업활동을 조장하고 소비자를 보호함과 아울러 국민경제의 균형 있는 발전을 도모함을 목적으로 하고 있다고 규정하고 있으나 이러한 규정이 경쟁정책과 법의 집행에 있어서 분명하게 공정거래법의 목적을 말하고 있다는 데에는 어려운 점이 있다. 게다가 자유롭고 공정한 경쟁을 통한 공정거래법의 궁극적인 목적이 과연 무엇이며 또한 소비자후생(Consumer Welfare)이 공정거래법의 다른 목적들과 비교해서 우선시 해야 한다는 데에는 논란이 있을 수 있다. 그러나 일반적으로 경쟁법(Competition Law)에서 소비자후생이 가지고 있는 의미가 상당하다는 것은 의문의 여지가 없는데, 이러한 소비자후생증진이 경쟁정책에서 주요한 법의 목적임에도 불구하고 국내뿐만 아니라 외국에서도 소비자후생 혹은 효율성이 경쟁법의 궁극적 목적이라고 정의하는 데에는 경제학적 그리고 법적으로 여전히 많은 논란이 있는 것처럼 보인다. 특히, 중소기업의 보호나 부의 재분배라는 사회정책과 소비자후생정책이 충돌할 시에 이러한 문제가 더욱더 부각되는 것이 사실이다. 또한 실제 법의 집행에 있어서 경쟁당국이 사후적(ex post) 관점에서의 소비자이익을 사전적(ex ante) 관점에서의 효율성 증진을 통한 소비자후생보다 더 중요하게 적용할 경우 이러한 정책의 충돌이라는 문제점이 드러나게 되는 것이다. 따라서 이 논문은 경제학적 그리고 비교경쟁법적 방법을 통해 소비자후생의 문제를 살펴봄으로써 공정거래법의 법의 목적을 고찰하고 올바른 경쟁정책의 확립과 공정거래법의 집행을 제시하고자 한다.
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