사용자책임의 입법주의 연구- 역사적⋅비교법적 접근 -
Regulating the Employer’s Vicarious Liabiltiy- A Historical-comparative Overview -
0
조회
0
다운로드
19
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
민법 제756조 제1항은 피용자의 가해에 대해 사용자의 책임을 정하면서 사용자가 선임․감독의 주의의무를 다하였음을 입증하는 때에는 면책을 허용하고 있다. 이 문언에 의해서만 살펴본다면 민법 사용자책임은 사용자의 과실이 추정된 형태의 중간적 과실책임이라는 인상을 받기 쉽다. 그러나 판례와 통설은 사용자책임이 인정되기 위해서는 피용자의 행위가 위법할 뿐만 아니라 유책해야 한다고 하여 피용자의 불법행위를 요구하고 있으면서, 더 나아가 선임․감독의 주의의무를 다하였다는 사용자의 면책의 항변을 인정한 예가 없어 사용자책임을 사실상 무과실책임으로 운용하고 있다. 즉 실무는 전형적인 대위책임적인 사용자책임으로 운영하고 있다. 여기서 우리 민법의 사용자책임의 입법주의 및 그에 대한 실무의 운용을 어떻게 평가해야 할 것인지의 문제가 제기된다. 이러한 질문에 대해서는 답하기 위해서 본고는 사용자책임의 입법주의를 법제사적이고 비교법적인 배경 하에서 살펴본다. 우선 로마법에서 불법행위법상 보조자책임이 어떻게 규율되어 있었는지를 살피고, 그 다음 이러한 로마법의 기초에서 보통법상 전개된 사용자책임의 내용을 고찰한다. 그리고 그러한 기초에서 제정된 각국의 민법전의 규율을 검토한다. 마지막으로 이러한 연구를 기초로 하여 우리 민법의 사용자책임에 대한 규율 및 우리의 판례를 비판적으로 평가하고, 있을 수 있는 개정에 대한 입법론을 제시한다.
Abstract
The Korean Civil Code (art. 756 I) prescribes the employer’s responsibility for her employees who caused damage to others, but with her chance of exculpation, if she proves her no fault in selecting and supervising them. From this one would get the impression that the employer’s vicarious liability in Korean law is based on her presumed fault, which could be, however, in effect deceptive. For the case law with many scholars’ approval presuppose the employee’s tort, not merely causing damage, and allows no exculpation of the employers, in sofar as published cases are concerned. So one can say the law in action on this matter is rather the employer’s no fault vicarious liability. Here arises a question of assessing the current state of law. To answer this question, the author attempts to approach the problem from historical-comparative standpoint. Starting with the Roman law, he traces the rules concerning master’s responsibility for servants through ius commune till the great civil codes in the 18th and 19th centuries. He afterwards gives an overview of the employer’s liabilty in modern civil codes. In conclusion the rules of the Korean Civil Code und its intrepretation by the case law are assessed with their suggested revision.
참고문헌 (123)
- 곽윤직, "채권각론, 제6판" (2003)
- 곽윤직, (2005)
- 김기선, "한국채권법각론, 제3전정판" (1988)
- 김증한, "채권각론, 제7판" (2006)
- 民議院 法制司法委員會 民法案審議小委員會, "民法案審議錄, 上卷" (1957)
- 법무부, "민법(재산편) 개정 자료집" (2004)
- 梁彰洙, , 民法硏究, 1 (1991)
- 이상광, "사용자책임론" (1992)
- 이은영, "채권각론, 제5판" (2007)
- 이태재, "개정 채권각론" (1985)
- 康奉碩, "사용자책임과 그 면책사유의 법적 성질", 저스티스, (85), pp.122~139 (2005), 한국법학원
- 권오승, "使用者責任에 대한 검토, In 商事法論叢: 霽南 姜渭斗博士 華甲紀念, 하권" (1996)
- 김봉수, "사용자책임의 비교법적 경향", 고려법학, (54), pp.201~241 (2009), 법학연구원
- 김형배, "使用者責任과 判例 -比較法的 視覺에서-", 고려법학, (48), pp.1~35 (2007), 법학연구원
- 비아커, "판덱텐 법학과 산업혁명", 서울대학교 법학, 47(1) (2006)
- 서광민, "민법 제756조의 입법정책적 부당성 및 적용한계의 극복방법에 관한 소고, In 황적인 화갑기념 손해배상법의 제문제" (1990)
- 이주흥, "독일법상 사용자책임에 있어서의 면책가능성 2", 대한변호사협회지, (120) (1986)
- Arabeyre, "Dictionnaire historique des juristes français" (2007)
- Argou, "Institution au droit françois"
- Association Henric Capitant, "Projet de cadre commun de référence. Principes contractuels communs" (2008)
- Association Henric Capitant, "Projet de cadre commun de référence. Terminologie contractuelle commune" (2008)
- Atiyah, "Vicarious Liability in the Law of Torts" (1967)
- Bartolus, "In primam noui partem, Venetiis"
- "Basler Kommentar. Obligationenrecht I, 3. Aufl." (2003)
- Baudry-Lacantinerie, "Précis de droit civil, tome 2, 8e éd." (1903)
- Bell, Boyron, "Principles of French Law, 2nd" (2008)
- Boehmer, "Introductio in ius digestorum, sexta editio", Halae Magdeburgicae
- Brüggemeier, "Haftugnsrecht" (2006)
- Bundesminister der Justiz, "Gutachten und Vorschläge zur Überarbeitung des Schuldrechts, Band II" (1981)
- Abschlußbericht der Kommission zur Überarbeitung des Schuldrchts, "Bundesminister der Justiz", ~ (1992)
- Busby, Clark, "Paisley and Spink, Scots Law: A Student Guide, 3rd ed.", ~ (2006)
- Catala, "Avant-projet de réforme du droit des obligations et de la prescription" (2006)
- "Code civil de l'empire du Japon accompagné d'un exposé des motifs, tome 2" (1891)
- Coing, "Europäisches Privatrecht, Band I" (1985)
- Coing, "Europäisches Privatrecht, Band II" (1989)
- Dernburg, "Pandekten, 2. Band, 7. Aufl." (1903)
- Deroussin, "Histoire du droit des obligations" (2007)
- Dobbs, "The Law of Torts" (2000)
- Domat, Oeuvres complètes de J. Domat, tome premier, "Oeuvres complètes de J. Domat, tome premier" (1835)
- European Group on Tort Law, "Principles of European Tort Law" (2005), Text and Commentary
- Fenet, "Recueil complet des travaux préparatoires du code civil, tome 13e" (1827)
- von Gierke, "Der Entwurf eines bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs und das deutsche Recht" (1889)
- von Gierke, "Deutsches Privatrecht, 3. Band" (1917)
- Glück, "Ausführliche Erläuterung der Pandecten, 10. Teil, 2" (1808), Abteilung
- Grotius, "Inleiding tot de Hollandsche Rechtsgeleertheyd (1631) in Lee ed." (1926), Jurisprudence of Holland
- Gschnitzer, "Österreiches Schuldrecht. Besonderer Teil und Schadensersatz, 2. Aufl." (1988)
- Guhl, "schweizerische Obligationenrecht, 9. Aufl." (2000)
- Hausmaninger, "Das Schadensersatzrecht der lex Aquilia, 5. Aufl." (1996)
- Heumann, "Handlexikon zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts, 10. Aufl." (1958)
- Honsell, "Schweizerisches Haftpflichtrecht, 3. Aufl" (2000)
- "Institutionum sive primorum totius iurisprudentiae elementorum libri quatuor", Lugduni
- Jauernig, "Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, 14. Aufl." (2011)
- Kaser, "Das römische Privatrecht, 1. Abschnitt, 2. Aufl." (1971)
- Kaser, "Das römische Privatrecht, 2. Abschnitt, 2. Aufl." (1976)
- Kaser, "Römisches Privatrecht, 19. Aufl." (2008)
- Kötz, "Deliktsrecht, 11. Aufl." (2010)
- Koziol, "ABGB. Kommentar, 3. Aufl." (2010)
- Koziol, "Bürgerliches Recht, Band II, 13. Aufl." (2007)
- 2, 13. Aufl., "Lehrbuch des Schuldrechts, Band II", pp.1994, Larenz
- Lauterbach, "Collegium theoretico-practicum pandectarum", Pars prima, edition nova prioribus correctior, Tubingae
- Levy, "Weströmisches Vulgarrecht. Das Obligationenrecht" (1956)
- Lévy, "Histoire du droit civil" (2002)
- Leyser, "Meditationes ad pandectas, volumen II", Brunsvigae et Guelpherbyti, ~
- von Lübtow, "Untersuchungen zur lex Aquilia de damno iniuria dato", ~ (1971)
- Markesinis, "Tort Law, 6th ed" (2008)
- Mincke, "Einführung in das niederländische Recht" (2002)
- "Münchener Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch, Band 5, 5. Aufl." (2009)
- Niethammer, "Entwicklung der Haftung für Gehilfenhandeln", pp.1973
- Palandt, "Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, 71. Aufl." (2012)
- Pothier, "Traité des obligations, tome premier" (1825)
- Puchta, "Pandekten, 3. Aufl." (1845)
- Puchta, "Cursus der Institutionen, 2. Band, 9. Aufl" (1881)
- Pufendorf, "De officio hominis et civis juxta legem naturalem", Francofurti ad Moenum
- Rey, "Ausservertragliches Haftpflichtrecht, 3. Aufl." (2003)
- Schlosser, "Grundzüge der neueren Privatrechtsgeschichte, 9. Aufl." (2001)
- 1, "Historischer-kritischer Kommentar zum BGB, Bd. 2", pp.2007, Schmoeckel
- Schneider, "Das Schweizerische Obligationenrecht" (1882)
- Shavell, "Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law" (2004)
- Starck, Roland, "Obligations, 1. Responsabilité délictuelle, 5e éd." (1996)
- Struve, "Jurisprudentia romano-germanica forensis, editio decima septima"
- Stryk, "Specimen usus moderni pandectarum, editio IV. revisita et emendata", Halae Magdeburgicae
- C. von Bar, "Study Group on a European Civil Code and Research Group on EC Private Law, Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law (Draft Common Frame of Reference), volume IV" (2010)
- Svarez, "Vorträge über Recht und Staat (1746-1798)" (1960)
- Vinnius, "In quatuor libros institutionum imperialium commentarius academicus et forensis", Lugduni
- de Visscher, "Le régime romain de la noxalité" (1947)
- Voet, Johannes, "Commentarius ad pandectas, tomus primus, editio ultima accuratior", Coloniae Allobrogum
- Voet, Paul, "In quatuor libros institutionum imperialium commentarius", Pars posterior, Gorichemi
- Watson, Alan, "Failures of the legal imagination" (1988)
- Weir, "An Introduction to Tort Law, 2nd ed." (2006)
- Wicke, "Respondeat superior" (2000)
- Widmer, "Revision und Vereinheitlichung des Haftpflichtrechts", Erläuternder Bericht, o. J
- Windscheid, "Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts, Band 2, 9. Aufl." (1906)
- von Wyss, "Die Haftung für fremde Culpa nach römischem Recht" (1867)
- Zeiller, "Commentar über das allgemeine bürgerliche Gesetzbuch, 3. Band, 2. Abteilung" (1813)
- Zimmermann, "The Law of Obligations" (1996)
- Zimmermann, "Roman Law, Contemporary Law, European Law" (2001)
- Zimmermann, "European Contract Law: Scots and South African Perspectives" (2006)
- Zweigert, "Einführung in die Rechtsvergleichung, 3. Aufl." (1996)
- Jordan, Barney, "Employment Relations, In Southern Cross: Civil Law and Common Law in South Africa" (1996)
- Benöhr, "Zur Haftung für Sklavendelikte", ZSS, 97, pp.276~ (1980)
- Busnelli, Bargelli, "Liability for Damage Caused by Others under Italian Law, In Unification of Tort Law: Liability for Damage Caused by Others" (2003)
- Calabresi, "Some thoughts on risk distribution and the law of torts", Yale L.J, 70, pp.499~
- Casals, "Liability for Damage Caused by Others under Spanish Law, In Unification of Tort Law: Liability for Damage Caused by Others" (2003)
- Galand-Carval, "Comparative Report (Part I), In Unification of Tort Law: Liability for Damage Caused by Others" (2003)
- Grundmann, "Einführung in das italienische Recht" (2007)
- Koziol, "Liability for Damage Caused by Others under Austrian Law, In Unification of Tort Law: Liability for Damage Caused by Others" (2003)
- Reid, "Strict Liability, In Mixed Legal Systems in Comparative Perspective" (2004)
- Rüfner, "Die Rezeption des römischen Sklavenrechts im Gelehrten Recht des Mittelalters", Sklaverei und Freilassung im römischen Recht. Symposium für Hans Josef Wieling zum, 70 (2006)
- Seiler, "Die deliktische Gehilfenhaftung in historischer Sicht", pp.526~ (1967), Juristenzeitung
- Wagner, Gerhard, "Grundstrukturen des Europäischen Deliktsrechts, In Grundstrukturen des Europäischen Delitsrechts" (2003)
- Widmer, "Liability for Damage Caused by Others under Swiss Law, In Unification of Tort Law: Liability for Damage Caused by Others" (2003)
- Zimmermann, "Effusum vel deiectum" (1992), Festschrift für Hermann Lange
- "未定稿本 民法修正案理由書", 서울대 도서관, ~
- 梅謙次郎, "民法要義" (1909), 卷之三
- 岡松參太郞, "註釋 民法理由, 下卷, 第九版" (1899)
- 岡松參太郞, "無過失損害賠償責任論" (1953)
- 大塚直, "民法七一五條․七一七條(使用者責任․工作物責任), In 民法典の百年 III" (1998)
- 加藤一郎, "不法行爲法, 增補版" (1974)
- 四宮和夫, "不法行爲", ~ (1985)
- 平井宜雄, "債権各論 II: 不法行爲" (1992)
- 平野晋, "アメリカ不法行爲法" (2006)
- 吉村良一, "不法行爲法, 第4版" (2010)
- 我妻栄, "損害賠償理論における「具體的衡平主義」", 民法硏究, 6 (1969)
