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비정규직 고용에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구설과 비합리성 가설의 검증

Why Employers Use Contingent Workers: Examining the Rational and Arational Hypotheses

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초록

본 연구는 외환위기 이후 급격하게 증가한 비정규직 고용의 영향요인들을 기업수준에서 실증하였다. 먼저, 고용형태를 결정하는 의사결정자로서의 기업행동에 초점을 맞추어, 기업의 비정규직 고용과 관련한 ‘합리성과 비합리성의 통합 모형’을 제시하였다. 또한, 이 통합 모형을 기초로, 합리성에 기초한 영향요인-효율적 선택(efficient choice), 외부통제(external control)-과 비합리성에 기초한 영향요인-CEO인지(CEO Cognition), 모방(Mimicry)-에 대한 가설을 설정하였다. 실증분석을 위한 자료는 한국노동연구원에서 수집한 사업체패널 조사와 한국상장사협의회 및 한국신용평가정보의 기업정보를 결합하여 사용하였다. 토빗(tobit) 모형을 통해 검증한 결과, 합리성 가설에서는 부채 비율, 비급여인건비 비율 및 매출액 변동계수가 기업의 비정규직 비율에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 비합리성 가설에서는 CEO경력(부분지지)과 사용자단체 가입이 비정규직 비율을 통계적으로 유의하게 설명하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 고용형태를 결정하는 기업이 매우 합리적 의사결정자라는 기존 연구들의 주장을 존중하면서도, 제도적 환경의 변화와 사회적 관계의 특성이 부여하는 가치와 규범이 기업행동에 영향을 미친다는 비합리성 관점을 동시에 고려해야 할 필요성을 제기하고 있다.

Abstract

Why Employers Use Contingent Workers:Examining the Rational and Arational HypothesesYoon-Ho KimThis study explores the determinants of the increasing number of contingent employment after the Financial crisis in Korea. Focusing on the behaviors of firms as decision-makers of employment arrangements, the study proposes 'an integrated model of rationality and arationality' of firm's using of contingent workers. Based on the integrated model, the study examines four factors affecting the use of contingent workers: efficient choice, external control, CEO cognition, and mimicry. Constructing the matched data from the WPS(Korea Labor Institute), KISValueⅡ(Korea Information Service INC.) and TS2000(Korea Listed Companies Association), the study examines 8 hypotheses. Using the Tobit model, this study found that the variables of debt ratio, ratio of non-wage labor costs, and variations in product demand had positive relations with contingent workers' ratio in the model of the rationality. On the other hand, in the model of arationality of firm's using of contingent workers, the variables of CEO career(finance) and joining employers' associations had statistically significant relations. These results show not only support the previous studies' results of that firms make decisions on the employment arrangements under the rational ground, but also suggest that those arational factors such as values and norms resulted by institutional environmental changes and social relations influences the behaviors of firms.

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