칸트의 규범적 법실증주의 －하트의 관점에서 시도하는 칸트 텍스트의 분석－
Kant’s Normative Legal Positivism: Kant’s Legal Theory through Hart’s Eyes
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본고는 그것에 관하여 실증주의와 비실증주의가 의견을 달리하는 구체적 논점들에 관련한 칸트의 텍스트를 검토함으로써 그가 규범적 법실증주의자임을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 저자는, 칸트의 법이론을 요약하고 그것에 관한 오해를 살핀 후, (1) 법실증주의 진영에 속하는 학자들이 법의 본성 및 그 이론적⋅실천적 함의에 관하여 주장하는 일곱 가지 표지를 추려내고 (2) 이 각 표지에 들어맞는 칸트의 텍스트를 찾아 제시한다. 이러한 텍스트는 모두 법철학의 굵직한 논점－법명령설, 분리(가능성)테제, 분석법학, 법형식주의, 비인지주의, 법복종의무, 사법자제－에 관한 것이기에, 이것들에 대한 분석 및 평가는 칸트의 법철학의 성격을 구체적으로 살필 기회를 제공할 뿐 아니라 사회 속에 만연한 의견대립 속에서 우리 공동체가 법에 대하여 지녀야 할 태도에 관하여 귀중한 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
This article aims to demonstrate that Kant is a normative legal positivist by finding and analyzing Kant’s texts concerning the various concrete issues on which legal positivism and non-positivism disagree. To this end, the author (1) summarizes Kant’s theory of law and reviews some groundless misunderstandings about it, (2) introduces seven points about the nature of law and its theoretical and practical implications that legal positivists have suggested as the meanings of ‘positivism’ bandied about in contemporary jurisprudence, and (3) finds and evaluates a number of Kant’s texts that correspond to each point so that one can conclude that normative legal positivism represents Kant’s mature philosophy of law. Since these texts relate to the significant issues of legal philosophy such as imperative theory of law, separation thesis, analytical jurisprudence, legal formalism, non-cognitivism, obligation to obey law, and judicial restraint, the analysis and evaluation of them gives us a valuable opportunity not only to successfully evaluate and characterize Kant’s legal theory, but also to reconsider what attitude our community should have about law in the midst of the prevalent disagreement among reasonable people about rights and justice.
참고문헌 (75)
- 김도균, "공적 이성과 법적 논증", 법철학연구, 24(2), pp.7~42 (2021), 한국법철학회
- 김도균, "공적 이성과 자연법론 — 공적 이성의 문제의식을 통한 자연법론의 재구성 —", 법학논총, 38(3), pp.27~60 (2021), 법학연구소
- 문성학, "칸트 윤리학과 형식주의" (2006), 경북대학교 출판부
- 양천수, "개념법학:형성, 철학적 정치적 기초, 영향", 법철학연구, 10(1) (2007), 한국법철학회
- 임마누엘 칸트, "한국어칸트전집" (2006), 아카넷
- 조홍식, "‘법의 지배’의 침묵과 그 적대자들", 서울대학교 법학, 63(2), pp.1~33 (2022), 법학연구소[DOI]
- 조홍식, "사법통치의 정당성과 한계" (2007), 박영사
- 조홍식, "칸트의 법철학 －법이론의 형이상학적 기초원리의 법실증주의적 기조(基調)에 초점을 맞추어－", 서울대학교 법학, 63(3), pp.1~74 (2022), 법학연구소[DOI]
- 칸트, "윤리형이상학" (2012), 아카넷
- 하트, "실증주의와 법과 도덕 분리론", 공익과 인권, 5(1) (2008)
- 瀧川裕英, "法哲學" (2014), 有斐閣
- Ackerman, Bruce A., "We the People: Foundations vol. 1" (1991)
- Alexy, Robert, "Argument from Injustice : A Reply to Legal Positivism" (2002), Oxford Univ. Press
- Alexy, Robert, "Kant’s Non-Positivistic Concept of Law", Kantian Review, 24(4) (2019)
- Alexy, Robert, "On the Concept and the Nature of Law", Ratio Juris, 21(3) (2008)
- Arendt, Hannah, "Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy" (1982), Univ. of Chicago Press
- Aristotle, "Politics" (1998)
- Austin, John, "The Province of Jurisprudence Determined" (1995), Cambridge University Press
- Bentham, Jeremy, "A Fragment on Government", ~ (1891)
- Bobbio, Norberto, "O Positivismo Jurídico: Lições de Filosofia do Direito" (1995)
- Bobbio, Norberto, "Hans Kelsen, The Theory of Law and the International Legal System : A Talk", European Journal of International Law, 9 (1998)
- Campbell, Tom D., "Prescriptive Legal Positivism" (2004), UCL Press
- Campbell, Tom D., "The Legal Theory of Ethical Positivism" (1996), Routledge
- Coleman, Jules L., "Negative and positive positivism", The Journal of Legal Studies, 11 (1982)
- Colomer, José Luis, "Kant’s Theory of Law 21" (2015), Nomos
- Condorcet, "Condorcet: Political Writings" (2012), Cambridge Univ. Press
- Darwall, Stephen, "The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory" (2006), Oxford Univ. Press
- Dworkin, Ronald, "Law’s Empire" (1986), Havard Univ. Press
- Dworkin, Ronald, "Taking Rights Seriously" (1977), Havard Univ. Press
- Enoch, David, "Taking Disagreement Seriously : On Jeremy Waldron’s Law and Disagreement", Israel Law Review, 39(3) (2006)
- Enoch, David, "The Disorder of Public Reason", Ethics, 124 (2013)
- Fletcher, George P., "Why Kant", Columbia Law Review, 87 (1987)
- Fuller, Lon L., "The Morality of Law" (1964), Yale University Press
- Gardner, John, "The Routledge Companion to Ethics" (2010)
- Gaus, Gerald, "On Dissing Public Reason : A Reply to Enoch", Ethics, 125 (2015)
- Hart, H. L. A., "Analytical Jurisprudence in Mid-Twentieth Century : A Reply to Professor Bodenheimer", University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 115 (1957)
- Hart, H. L. A., "Definition and Theory in Jurisprudence", Law Quarterly Review, 70 (1954)
- Hart, H. L. A., "The Encyclopedia of Philosophy" (1967), Macmillan
- Hart, H. L. A., "Positivism and Separation of Law and Moral", Harvard Law Review, 71 (1958)
- Hart, H. L. A., "The Concept of Law" (2012), Oxford Univ. Press
- Hasebe, Yasuo, "Towards a Normal Constitutional State" (2021), Waseda Univ. Press
- Hopton, Terry, "Kant’s Two Theories of Law", History of Political Thought, 3 (1982)
- Jonsen, Albert R., "The Abuse of Casuistry : A History of Moral Reading" (1988), Univ. of California Press
- Kant, Immanuel, "Anthropology, History, and Education, The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant" (2013)
- Kant, Immanuel, "Lectures and Drafts on Political Philosophy, The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant" (2016)
- Kant, Immanuel, "Lectures on Ethics, The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant" (1997)
- Kant, Immanuel, "Practical Philosophy, The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant" (1996)
- Kant, Immanuel, "The Metaphysics of Morals, Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy" (1996)
- Kant, Immanuel, "Political Writings" (1991)
- Kelsen, Hans, "Pure Theory of Law" (2005)
- Klein, Joel T., "Kant on Legal Positivism and the Juridical State", Yearbook, 13(1) (2021)
- Krieger, Leonard, "Kant and the Crisis of Natural Law", Journal of the History of Ideas, 26 (1965)
- Loidolt, Sophie, "Detours: Approaches to Immanuel Kant in Vienna, in Austria, and in Eastern Europe" (2015), Vienna Univ. Press
- Mertens, Thomas, "On Kant’s Duty to Speak the Truth", Kantian Review, 21 (2016)
- Mill, John Stuart, "On Liberty" (1956), Liberal Arts Press
- Montesquieu, "De l’esprit des lois", ~
- Murphy, Jeffrie G, "Kant : The Philosophy of Right" (1970), Mercer Univ. Press
- Popper, Karl, "The Open Society and Its Enemies" (1996), Routledge
- Postema, Gerald J., "Law as Command : The Model of Command in Modern Jurisprudence", Philosophical Issues, 11 (2001)
- Postema, Gerald J., "Bentham and the Common Law Tradition", ~ (1986)
- Rawls, John, "A Theory of Justice", ~ (1971)
- Rawls, John, "The Domain of the Political and Overlapping Consensus", New York University Law Review, 4 (1989)
- Raz, J, "his Ethics in the Public Domain" (1993), Oxford Univ. Press
- Ripstein, Arthur, "Force and Freedom : Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy" (2009), Harvard Univ. Press
- Rousseau, Jean Jacques, "Du Contrat Social", ~
- Schauer, Frederick, "Deliberating about Deliberation", Michigan Law Review, 90 (1992)
- Stone, Martin, "Legal Positivism as an Idea about Morality", University of Toronto Law Journal, 61 (2011)
- Waldron, Jeremy, "All We Like Sheep", Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence, 12(1) (1999)
- Waldron, Jeremy, "Kant’s legal positivism", Harvard Law Review, 109(7) (1996)
- Waldron, Jeremy, "Law and Disagreement" (1999), Oxford Univ. Press
- Waldron,Jeremy, "Hart’s Postscript: Essays on the Postscript of ‘The Concept of Law" (2001), Oxford Univ. Press
- Waldron,Jeremy, "Public Reason and Justification in the Courtroom", Journal of Law, Philosophy and Culture, 1 (2007)
- Waldron,Jeremy, "The Dignity of Legislation" (1999), Cambridge Univ. Press
- Weinrib, Ernest J, "Law as a Kantian Idea of Reason", Columbia Law Review, 87 (1987)
- Wolff, Robert Paul, "Defense of Anarchism" (1971), Univ. of California Press