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한국 공공기관의 민주적 책임성과 지배구조

The Accountability and the Governance Structure of the Korean Public Institutions

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초록

이 논문은 한국 행정학이 수행해야 할 새로운 연구영역으로서 공공기관의 지배구조의 문제를 공공성 개념, 특히 책임성의 관점에서 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이론적 검토에서는 공공성의 맥락에서 이해한 책임성의 개념을 설명한다. 여기서 설명된 책임성의 개념을 바탕으로 공공기관의 지배구조의 분석을 위한 연구의 모형을 도출한다. 나아가서 책임성의 시각에서 한국 공공기관의 지배구조를 결정하는 제도와 그 변화를 각종 문헌과 법률 등을 토대로 분석한다. 이러한 연구는 두 가지 중요한 의미가 있다. 과거 한국의 공공기관은 대체로 주무부처의 강한 통제 하에 있었으나, 2007년 이후 새로운 관리 형태로서의 공공기관 운영위원회의 규제를 받는 구조로 변경되었다. 이 연구는 그러한 변화가 영역별로 균형되고 적절한 책임성을 보장하고 있는지 평가하는 의미가 있다. 그리고 공공기관이 행정학의 중요한 연구대상이었음에도 불구하고 여러 가지 이유로 한국 행정학계에서 공공기관 지배구조의 문제에 많은 주목을 하지 않았다. 따라서 이 연구는 공공기관의 지배구조와 그 공공성을 새롭게 평가하는 의미가 있다.

Abstract

This article is to analyze the institutionalization of the governance structure of the Korean Public Institutions in terms of accountability. A careful review of literatures of publicness and accountability reveals that the accountability of the public institutions can be classified into four categories: political, bureaucratic, managerial and market accountability. Also, the multiple characteristics of accountability and governance structure are important. A key aspect of the development of the Korean public institutions' governance structure shows that bureaucratic and managerial accountability are pivotal in order to enhance the state capacity in economic development. The major implication of this study is that the governance structure of the public institution should be developed in a balanced way and Korea public administration community should pay more attentions to the accountability of the Korean public institutions' governance structure.

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