日本壹岐金谷寺소장 동조보살좌상 연구

Abstract

In the western Japan area, the number of remaining Buddhist statue of the late Goryeo period could be counted a less likely to nine (9). Among them, a bronze seated Bodhisattva enshrined at Kinkokzi(金谷寺) in Iki Island, a small one in the center of Tsushima(對馬島) and Fukuoka (福岡) in Japan, is as large as 74.0cm and was designated as a cultural asset of Nagasaki(長崎県) in 29 Feb. 1980(昭和55 年). The bronze seated Bodhisattva enshrined at Kinkokzi (金谷寺) features a long, thin body proportion, exotic impression and small holes on the whole body. Considering long body proportion, clothes covering both shoulders, a hem folded into a triangle above the knee and facial feature, manufacturing period of the statue is estimated to be 12-13th century in Goryeo dynasty. The most unusual point of Bodhisattva is holes spreaded throughout whole body with around 27-30 holes sized 2-4 mm. The Bodhisattva with small holes in the body is the only work currently investigated as a source. Connected to each other with small holes, it should look like decorative ornaments(yongrak) of wooden seated Bodhisattva at Bogwangsa(寶光寺) in Andong city or dry lacquer seated Bodhisattva at Pagaesa(把溪寺) in Daegu city. Holes are likely to be the evidence of fixing decorative ornaments (yongrak), and demonstrated the actual decoration of the decorative ornaments(yongrak) which was unearthed in excavations at Hoeamsaji(檜巖寺址) in Kyunggi province. The decorative ornaments(yongrak), unearthed at Hoe amsaji, seemed to link to the remaining Buddhist statue and detailed decoration, and it might be manufactured in 14th century, the heyday period of Hoeamsaji. Therefore, given the Bodhisattva statue of Kinkokzi(金谷寺) and the decoration unearthed in Hoeamsaji, various techniques in attachment style of decorative ornaments(yongrak) are confirmed in Goryeo period. and is attributed to the development of metal craft in that duration. Handling of repair maintenance issue was examined through various processing techniques of decorative ornaments (yongrak) of Buddhist statues in Goryeo period. Especially, a comparison was made between the repair contents of Buddhist statue written in 龍頭山金藏寺金堂主彌勒三尊改金記by Mr. Lee San(李㦃) and existing phenomenon of Bodhisattva, As a result, unlike to the same material, the Bodhisattva with several different material was identified to be experienced continuous repairing maintenance. The bronze seated Bodhisattva at Kinkokzi(金谷寺) along with wooden Avalokitesvara of Bongjeongsa(鳳停寺) and Bogwangsa(寶光寺) in Andong city are representing the work of the 13th century, and are important material confirming colorful and formal decorative trend and techniques of decorative ornaments(yongrak) decoration in Goryeo period.