포스트교토체제의 신규시장메커니즘 논의와 발전 방향
New Market-Based Mechanisms in Post-Kyoto Protocol
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2020년부터는 새로운 기후체제(더반플랫폼)가 시작된다. 새로운 기후체제는 선진국뿐만 아니라 개도국 등 모든 국가가 참여하는 법적 구속력 있는 기후변화협상체제로, 선진국과 개도국 모두의 감축 목표 및 행동을 제고할 수 있는 대안 마련이 필요하다. 이를 위해 기존 교토의정서 상의 교토메커니즘(배출권거래제도, 청정개발체제(CDM), 공동이행제도(JI))에 보완적인 새로운 시장기반의 감축메커니즘 논의가 활발하다. 신규시장기반메커니즘(New Market-based Mechanisms)에는 부문별크레딧방식(Sectoral Crediting Mechanisms), 부문별거래방식( Sectoral Trading Mechanisms), NAMA크레딧 그리고 양국간옵셋크레딧방식(Bilateral Offset Credit Mechanism)이 대표적이다. 이 논문은 최근 기후변화협상에서 논의되는 대표적인 신규시장메커니즘과 이들 간의 차이점을 살펴보고, 두 가지 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 현재 논의되는 신규시장메커니즘들은 적용 국가별 상황을 충분히 고려할 경우, 선택적 도입도 가능하다. 둘째, 2020년 이전 그리고 2020 이후의 모든 국가의 감축 목표 상향 및 행동이 충분치 않을 경우, 신규시장메커니즘은 글로벌 탄소시장의 건전성을 훼손할 수 있다.
Abstract
As Emissions Trading Scheme, Clean Development Mechanism(CDM), Joint Implementation(JI) under the Kyoto Protocol have not sufficiently improved participating countries' efforts to respond to climate change, parties of UNFCCC have started to discuss a new climate regime which includes new market-based mechanisms with added incentives for new ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The new market-based mechanism categorizes as Sectoral Crediting Mechanisms(SCM) and Sectoral Trading Mechanisms(STM), NAMA Crediting, and Bilateral Offset Credit Mechanism(BOCM). This paper discusses recent discussions on new market mechanisms and the differences among them. The paper proposes the future direction of the constructive discussion of new market mechanisms.
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