EU 배출권거래제 개정과 탄소국경조정제 도입의 정책적 함의
Policy Implications of Revision of EU Emissions Trading System and Introduction of Carbon Border Adjustment System
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 EU 배출권거래제(EU ETS) 개정이 탄소국경조정제(CBAM)를 통해 국내 수출기업에 미칠 영향을 정책적 함의를 중심으로 분석했다. EU집행위는 EU ETS 대상 범위를 해상운송, 도로수송, 건물 부문까지 확대할 것을 제안했다. 이는 향후 CBAM 대상 품목의 내재배출량 산정 범위가 수송･서비스업의 배출량까지 확대될 가능성이 있다는 것을 의미한다. 다음으로 EU집행위는 배출허용총량 축소와 선형감축계수 상향을 제안했다. 이는 향후 EU ETS 경매가격과 연동된 CBAM 인증서 가격의 상승으로 국내 수출기업의 CBAM 부담도 증가할 수 있음을 시사한다. 한편, CBAM 계수 도입과 벤치마크 연 최대 감소율 상향으로 CBAM 대상 업종의 무상할당량이 점차 감소할 것이다. 이렇게 되면, CBAM 인증서 제출량이 증가해 국내 수출기업의 부담도 점차 증가할 것이다. EU CBAM에 대해 단기적으로는 정보 보고의무 이행을 위한 대비가 필요하다. 장기적으로는 감축기술 개발과 투자를 통해 저탄소 생산으로 전환하는 것이 근본대책이다. 따라서 국내 배출권거래제(K-ETS) 경매수익을 K-ETS와 CBAM 대상 업종의 기술개발 및 투자에 집중해 효과적으로 활용할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) revision on Korean exporters through the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), focusing on the policy implications. The EU Commission proposed expanding the scope of the EU ETS to maritime transport, road transport and building sectors. This means that the scope of calculating the embedded emissions of CBAM target items is likely to expand to emissions from the transportation and service industries. Next, the EU Commission proposed a reduction in the total emission allowances and an increase in the linear reduction factor. This implies that the increase in the CBAM certificate price linked to the EU ETS auction price will increase the CBAM burden of Korean exporters. Meanwhile, with the introduction of the CBAM factor and the upward revision of the benchmark annual maximum reduction rate, the free allocation for CBAM target sectors in the EU ETS will gradually decrease. If this happens, the burden on Korean exporters will gradually increase. For EU CBAM, it is necessary to prepare for the fulfillment of the obligation to report information in the short term. In the long term, the fundamental response is to shift to low-carbon production through development and investment in GHG abatement technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively utilize the auction revenues from the Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS) by focusing on technology development and investment in industries subject to K-ETS and CBAM.
참고문헌 (40)
- 김동구, "EU 탄소국경조정제도(CBAM) 추진의 핵심 쟁점과산업경제적 의의에 대한 연구", 산업연구, 46(3), pp.1~29 (2022), 미래산업연구소[DOI]
- 유럽 그린딜 내 탄소국경세 도입 시 글로벌 가치사슬 영향 및 국내대응방안 연구, "김동구", 에너지경제연구원, ~ (2021)
- 김상만, "2013년도 유럽연합 배출권거래지침(2003", 87, 무역학회지, pp.2014, 39(5)[DOI]
- 탄소통상 시대 무역과 환경 관계의 변화와 한국의 대응 방안 연구, "김성진", 한국환경연구원, ~ (2022)
- 김영덕, "유럽연합의 배출권 거래제와 한국에 대한 시사점", 국제지역연구, 11(1), pp.194~214 (2007), 국제지역학회
- 국제사회의 온실가스 감축 목표 상향과한국의 대응방안, "문진영", 대외경제정책연구원, ~ (2020)
- 탄소국경조정제도(CBAM)에 대한 중소기업 대응방안 연구, "박혜리", 대외경제정책연구원, ~ (2021)
- 손인성, "EU ETS 4기의 주요 제도 설계가 향후 국내 배출권거래제 운영에 미칠 영향 분석", 자원환경경제연구, 30(1), pp.129~167 (2021), 한국환경경제학회[DOI]
- 온실가스 難감축 산업의 탈탄소 이행 지원제도 구축 방안 연구, "심성희", 에너지경제연구원, ~ (2021)
- 이정은, "한국형 온실가스 배출권 거래제도 활성화를 위한 EU 및 일본 사례 비교 연구", 한국기후변화학회지, 6(1), pp.11~19 (2015), 한국기후변화학회[DOI]
- 장은혜, "유럽연합의 탄소국경조정제도와 한국의 법률적･정책적 대응" (2021), 한국법제연구원
- 정혁, "배출권 할당과 할당 배출권 중심으로 본 유럽연합 배출권 거래제도 (EU ETS)의 발전 전망", 유럽연구, 32(2), pp.137~168 (2014), 한국유럽학회[DOI]
- 채종오, "한국의 탄소배출권 거래제 시행 1년 후 현황과 개선방안 - EU 배출권 거래제와 비교를 통하여 -", 한국기후변화학회지, 7(1), pp.41~48 (2016), 한국기후변화학회[DOI]
- Aylor, B., "How an EU carbon border tax could jolt world trade" (2020), Boston Consulting Group
- BloombergNEF, "1H 2021 European Carbon Market Outlook", ~ (2021)
- Council of the EU, "Draft regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism - General approach", ~ (2022)
- Council of the EU, "Fit for 55 package Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003", 87, 1814 concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading scheme and Regulation (EU)2015, pp.757 - General approach[DOI]
- Council of the EU, "Fit for 55’: Council and Parliament reach provisional deal on EU emissions trading system and the Social Climate Fund" (2022)
- European Commission, "The state of the European carbon market in 2012", COM(2012) 652 final, ~ (2012)
- Report on the functioning of the European carbon market, "European Commission", ~ (2015)
- European Commission, "Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment Accompanying the document Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Directive 2003", 87, SWD(2015) 135 final, European Commission, pp.2015, ~
- European Commission, "Publication of the total number of allowances in circulation for the purposes of the Market Stability Reserve under the EU Emissions Trading System established by Directive 2003", 87, C(2017) 3228 final, pp.2017, ~
- European Commission, ""Publication of the total number of allowances in circulation in 2017 for the purposes of the Market Stability Reserve under the EU Emissions Trading System established by Directive 2003", 87, C(2018)2801final, pp.2018, ~
- European Commission, "Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism", COM(2021) 564 final, ~ (2021)
- European Commission, "Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Directive 2003", 87, 1814 concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading scheme and Regulation (EU) 2015, pp.757, COM(2021) 551 final[DOI]
- European Commission, "Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL establishing a Social Climate Fund", COM(2021) 568 final, ~ (2021)
- European Commission, "Update of benchmark values for the years 2021 - 2025of phase 4 of the EU ETS Benchmark curves and key parameters", European Commission, ~ (2021)
- European Commission, "Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on energy efficiency (recast)", COM(2021) 558 final, ~ (2021)
- European Parliament, "Carbon border adjustment mechanism***Ⅰ - Amendments adopted by the European Parliament on 22 June 2022 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism", COM(2021)0564 - C9-0328, 0214(COD), pp.2021 (2021), ~
- European Parliament, "Climate change: Deal on a more ambitious Emissions Trading System (ETS)" (2022)
- European Parliament, "Deal reached on new carbon leakage instrument to raise global climate ambition" (2022)
- "ICAP Allowance Price Explorer - EU ETS. International Carbon Action Partnership" (2023)[URL]
- IPCC, "2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories", Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ~ (2006)
- Kuusi, T., "Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms and Their Economic Impact on Finland and the EU" (2020), Prime Minister’s Office
- OJ, "Directive 2012", 27, 125, pp.EC and 2010, 30[DOI]
- OJ, "Directive (EU) 2018", 410 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2018 amending Directive 2003, EC to enhance cost-effective emission reductions and low-carbon investments, and Decision (EU) 2015, pp.1814, Official Journal of the European Union, L[DOI]
- OJ, "Council Directive (EU) 2020", 262 of 19 December 2019 laying down the general arrangements for excise duty (recast), 2020, pp.58, 4~42
- OJ, "Regulation (EU) 2021", 1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401, 1999 (‘European Climate Law’), pp.Official Journal of the European Union, L (2009), 2021[DOI]
- UNCTAD, "A European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Implications for developing countries", United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2021)
- WRI, "Corporate Value Chain(Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard", World Resources Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development, ~ (2011)