여성과 소비의 역사
Women and the History of Consumption
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소비사는 가장 최근에 시작된 연구 분야 중 하나이다. 마르크스와 베버의 영향 속에서 자본주의는 생산측면 위주로 고찰되어왔기 때문이다. 1980년대 이후 소비사는 급속히 팽창했으며 소비의 주체로서의 여성에 대한 논의도 활발해졌다. 이 글은 우리 여성사학계에 소비사 연구의 필요성을 환기하기 위해 쓰인 사학사적 접근으로, 여성과 소비의 역사를 다룬 연구들을 1. 검증적 역사학과 소비, 2. 사치동물과 성적 대상, 3. 내셔널리즘과 여성 소비자, 4. 새로운 상품과 여성노동, 5. 여성과 소비의 정치성의 다섯 줄기로 묶어 소개한다. 소비는 재화와 인간과의 관계나 삶의 편의성을 넘어서 인간의 욕망을 둘러싼 행위이며, 공적·사적 영역을 넘나들며 범지구적으로 펼쳐지는 광범위한 움직임이다. 소비의 정의가 포괄적이니만치 아직 소비연구에서 중심축을 이루는 뚜렷한 학파나 학설, 정교한 방법론은 나타나지 않고 있다. 하지만 소비사가 직면한 이런 문제는 소비사가 지닌 특성이자 가능성으로, 다양한 학문분야간의 협업을 가능케 할뿐만 아니라 트랜스내셔널적 시각과 여성사의 사회 참여적 명제를 강화해 줄 것이다.
Abstract
For last three decades, scholars in the West have intensively investigated the history of consumption. This article introduces the current trend of the studies of consumerism, focusing on women’s history. First, the methodology and analysis that empirical historians captured the consumption of women in early modern Europe. Secondly, with the advent of industrialization, women consumer were analogized as commodity, let alone the stigma of luxury animal. Thirdly, women were often mobilized as the defender of national economy or patriotic consumer in times of crisis. Forth, whether new commodities and home appliances actually reduced women’s household labor. Fifth, women’s participation in consumer activism and the politics of consumption. Consumption is more than the process in which the substance of a thing is completely destroyed, or used up. It incorporates the desire of human being, the social norm and morality. The realm of consumption crosses the public and private sphere and it could create the counter public sphere. Therefore, scholars recently tend to pay more attention to the agency of active women consumers and the new, alternative, and transnational networks built around them. Although the history of consumption is confronted with the problems of fragmentation and absence of meta theory, it has great potentials to expand the scope and subjects of women’s history.
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