미국 흑인 페미니스트 아이다 비 웰스(1862-1931)의 린치반대운동과 전략
The Anti-Lynching Campaign and Strategy of Ida B. Wells
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이 글의 목적은 미국 린치반대운동의 선구자 아이다 비 웰스(Ida B. Wells)의 생애와 활동을 소개하는 것이다. 본고는 그의 린치 관련 저작 중 대표작 『남부의 공포Southern Horrors』(1892)와 『붉은 기록Red Record』(1895)을 중심으로 어떤 시대, 어떤 환경에서, 어떤 전략으로 웰스가 린치와의 전쟁을 수행했는지 고찰할 것이다. 우선 웰스가 린치반대운동에 평생을 바치게 된 배경을 살펴보고 핵심 주장 및 전략을 두 저작을 통해 검토할 것이다. 다음으로 린치가 단순한 인종문제가 아니라 젠더, 섹슈얼리티와 연관된 복합적 사안임을 꿰뚫은 직관적 통찰을 조망할 것이다. 린치와의 전쟁에서 웰스가 제시한 빼어난 전략과 대담한 제안을 살펴보는 것은 시대를 앞서간 활동가로서 그의 진면목을 드러낼 것이다. 미국 흑인운동 지도자 웰스를 소개하는 이 글이 역사서술에서 그간 주목받지 못한 여성의 역할을 복원하는데 보탬이 되길 소망한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the life and activism of Ida B. Wells, a pioneer of the Anti-lynching campaign in the United States. She dedicated to stopping the lynching of African Americans by publishing research on lynching in Southern Horrors(1892) and Red Record(1895); she counted, investigated, and reported lynchings in American history as no one had done before. This paper analyzes her work to take a closer look at how she conducted the crusade against lynching. First, it explores the reason why Wells began investigating lynching using investigative journalist techniques. Second, it examines her suggestions and strategies for the anti-lynching war. Her insight that lynching should be understood as a complex issue related to gender and sexuality as well as race was ahead of her time. Though Wells was largely forgotten until 1970, she is now recognized as the first journalist and activist to challenge the common beliefs about racism and lynching. She also has to be celebrated as one of the first black leaders to fight for the civil rights.
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