僧達山 法泉寺의 역사적 성격에 대한 검토
On the Historic Background of the Foundation of Beopcheon Temple in Mt. Seungdal
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초록
종래 그 창건시기 및 사찰의 성격이 불명확하였던 僧達山法泉寺는『동국여지승람』의 기록을 다른 관련 자료들과 대비하여 검토한 결과 14세기 수선사 계통 승려에 의해 창건된 사찰로 추정된다. 『동국여지승람』에 창건자로 언급된 圓明이라는 승려는 고려 수선사 계통의 승려로서 중국 강남지방에서 새로운 선사상을 수학하고 돌아온 圓明國師鑑이나 了菴圓明長老 와 관련된 것으로 보이며, 법천사는 이들 자신 혹은 이들의 제자에 의하여창건되었던 것이다. 한편 법천사는 단순한 수선사 계통의 사찰일 뿐 아니라14세기 이후 한국불교계에 큰 영향을 미친 간화선의 초기 수용사찰로서도특별한 의미를 갖는다. 원명국사나 원명장로는 당시 중국 강남지방에서 看 話禪수행자로서 명성을 떨치던 蒙山德異의 가르침을 계승하고 이를 고려불교계에 소개하였는데, 이후 얼마 지나지 않아서 몽산덕이의 수행법은 고려 불교계 전체의 대표적인 수행법으로 자리잡게 되었다. 이러한 사상적 변화를 주도했던 인물인 원명국사나 원명장로 혹은 그들의 제자에 의해 창건된 법천사는 그와 같은 사상적 변화를 주도한 사찰로서 특별한 의미를 갖는다.
Abstract
It has been uncertain when and by whom the Beopcheon Temple of Mt. Seungdal was founded. Only it has been told that during the Koryo dynasty a Chinese monk named Wonmyeong came to the mountain from Limcheon area with his disciples and founded the temple. Through the investigation of the materials we came to find out two monks who can be the possible candidate for the founder of the temple. Both are named Wonmyeong, but contrary to the legend neither of them is a Chinese monk. Both monks are from Korea and studied the teaching of the Kanhua-chan, the new Chan teaching of the day, in Southern China in the end of the 14th century. Both monks followed the teaching of Chinsee Chan master Mengshan Deyi who had been the champion of the Kanhua-chan at the time. The first Wonmyeong is the National Preceptor Wonmyeong who came back to Korea in 1304 with the disciple of Mengshan Deyi and circulated the Kanhua-chan to Korea, the other is Senior Priest Wonmyeong who studied under Mengshan Deyi and introduced him and his teaching to King Chungryeol and other Koryo aristocrats, who took the teaching and became the desciples of Mengshan Deyi in 1296. Both Wonmyeongs had colse relations with the Buddhist association of Suseonsa, found by the famous reformist Jinul and first introducer of the Kanhua-chan in Koryo Buddhism. It might have been the relation with the Suseonsa that made them go to China and study the Kanhua-chan. Both monks efforts did a great role in the Kanhua-chan's becoming the main stream of Korean Buddhism in the 14th century. Considering these, we can infer that the Beopcheon temple might have been founded by the founder Wonmyeong just after his returning to Korea as the important base for the circulation of Kanhua-chan.