日帝强占期 神社 例祭와 植民主義 地域文化－龍頭山神社를 中心으로－

Abstract

The Yongdusan Shinto shrine, which had been present since the days of Choryang Waegwan, held all kinds of symbolic ceremonies to perform its natural roles as a “local(Busan) and national(Japan)” Shinto shrine during the colonial days. Those ceremonies were part of a device to turn Korean people into the subjects of Japan(assimilation) around the indigenousness of Japanese people(dissimilation) based in the area around Ujigami(氏神) in Busan under the apex of Japanese emperor. At the center was Festival. Festival began in 1908 and continued throughout the colonial days. It was originally an Ujigami ceremony and promoted to the status of Gukpyesosa(國幣小社) in 1936. After the change to its main god, Japanese people started to hold a separate Ujigami ceremony. That is, Festival was a ceremony for the local Japanese people to maintain their identity to the end. Its nature was well demonstrated in the God’s Tour event. God’s Tour was a ceremony to pray for good fortune and purification in the sense of religion and society and important device to embody the spatial identity of the area as a divine place, which was well demonstrated in the God’s Tour section. In spite of expanding administrative districts, the God’s Tour section remained within the perimeter of the original resident quarters. It rather underwent a reduction. Furthermore, Stay place(御旅所), which symbolized a local boundary, was restricted to the old town(resident quarters) around the Shinto shrine. Stay place was a kind of memorial service for ancestors strongly characterized by its offering. One of Festival, Entertainments changed itself from an offering rite through a sport and the appreciation of exhibition and recital to a spectacle. Moreover, the stores along the main street and local groups took the chance of Festival to hold ‘Byeoncheon market’ and ‘Commerce Festival’ to promote the commerce and end a recession and turned it into a street or city festival combined with the capitalist culture. At the end of Japanese ruling when the country was on the war basis, however, the Japanese Government-General of Korea prohibited them from turning Ritual into a festival and ordered them to hold it as a true memorial service for ancestors. In this case, a true memorial service was not a traditional village memorial service but a ceremony to pledge their loyalty to the Japanese emperor and establish themselves as the subjects of Japanese empire.