4ㆍ19혁명 전후 전북지역 혁신세력의 형성과 재편

Abstract

The period before and after the April 19 Revolution was a period in which political and social restructuring was actively and rapidly unfolding. Research on this period was mainly conducted in Seoul and major cities, and Jeonbuk is classified as an under-illuminated region. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the formation and reorganization of Jeonbuk’s innovative forces before and after the April 19 Revolution, and examine the influence and effects on local community movements. After the Korean War, there were three occasions when the progressive forces publicly appeared and acted in Jeollabuk-do. The progressive forces in Jeollabuk-do united around the ‘Progressive Party’ ahead of the presidential and vice presidential elections in May 1956. In Jeollabuk-do, Cho, Bongam and the Progressive Party enjoyed considerable support, and by the end of 1957, they had formed regional parties in Iri, Jeongeup, and other places, as well as the Jeollabuk-do Party. However, as the intense suppression of Cho, Bongam and the Progressive Party in 1958 took place, they virtually collapsed, and were unable to take collective action until after the April 19 Revolution. When the July 29 general election was held due to the April 19 Revolution, the Jeonbuk innovation forces resumed their activities centered around the ‘Social Mass Party.’ The Jeonbuk Social Mass Party was mainly composed of people who participated in the Progressive Party, but its organizational and popular base was weak. As a result, the Jeonbuk innovation forces suffered a crushing defeat in the July 29 general election and entered a lull. The innovation forces in major cities and regions, including Seoul, organized or linked young students during this period, but such activities were not confirmed in Jeollabuk-do. This is related to the characteristics of the April 19 Revolution that took place in Jeonbuk and the characteristics of the innovation party. The innovative forces increased their activity nationwide in 1961. The Jeonbuk innovative forces organized and took collective action rather late, and were reorganized into Jeonju, Jeongeup, and Iri, revealing differences of opinion. In Jeonju and Jeongeup, people who participated in the ‘Innovative Party’ became important members of the ‘Jeonbuk National Independent Unification Council’ and maintained the position of ‘peaceful unification theory.’ In Iri, people connected to the ‘Social Unification Party’ formed a struggle committee that encompassed various positions in the region and advocated the ‘neutralization unification theory.’ At this time, the collective actions of the youth and student innovative forces in other regions were very active, but they did not appear in Jeonbuk. It is understood that this characteristic had a profound influence on the social movement in Jeonbuk during the Park, Chunghee era.