Edmund Burke and the Spectre of Imperial Grandeur -The American Revolution, the East India Company, and the British National Character-
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이 논문은 에드먼드 버크의 사례를 통해서 미국 식민지의 위기와 동인도회사의 인도 지배에 대한 비판이 긴밀하게 연관되어 있었다는 것을 보여준다. 미국 식민지의 독립은 버크의 경우 영 제국의 성격, 제국과 식민지의 관계를 근본적으로 재검토하는 계기가 되었고, 식민지의 위기가 근본적으로 영국인들 사이에 팽배한 식민지에 대한 절대적인 지배권, 원대한 영 제국의 권위와 영광에 대한 환상에서 비롯되었다는 결론을 낳았다. 영 제국과 국민성을 비판적으로 재검토하는 과정에서 버크는 인도의 토착민에 대한 동인도회사의 착취와 전횡을 본격적으로 탐구하기 시작했고, 그것은 훗날 그가 헤이스팅즈에 대한 탄핵을 주도하는 계기가 되었다. 버크가 대서양 식민지의 위기와 동인도회사의 문제를 국민성의 문맥에서 접근했다는 점을 강조함으로써 이 논문은 1, 2차 영 제국을 구분하는 전통적인 해석 틀을 수정하고, 동인도회사에 대한 버크의 집요한 비판의 뿌리를 이해하는 데 기여한다.
Abstract
This paper traces through the case of Edmund Burke the intersection of Britain’s Atlantic imperial crisis with the growing critique of the East India Company’s rule in India. By examining Burke’s correspondence and pamphlets concerning the crises in America and in India during the American revolutionary war and his contributions to the Select Committees on Indian affairs in the early 1780s, the paper argues that Burke’s famous critique of the Company corruption and oppression against the native Indians evolved through his critical engagement with the causes of the American crisis, and that his criticism centred on the growing prevalence of the spirit of dominion and the pursuit of imperial grandeur among the metropolitan British public. Through this discussion, the paper suggests (1) that one should pay more attention to the formative influence of the American crisis on Burke’s later career as prosecutor of Warren Hastings; (2) that the interpretive framework dividing the first and second British empires should be reconsidered to appreciate better the continuities between the two empires.
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