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18세기 중반 영 제국의 구조 변화와 영국 사회의 반응 -클라이브 스캔들을 중심으로-

The Transformation of British Empire and the Response of British Society in Mid-Eighteenth Century - Focusing on an Analysis of Clive Scandal -

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영국사학회|2022.06|영국연구 (The Korean Journal of British Studies)|제47호|pp. 73-116|DOI 10.22852/kjbs..47.202206.73

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참고문헌

키워드

East India Company영국 동인도회사18세기 영 제국로버트 클라이브자기르디와니네이밥 담론휘그와 토리18th Century British EmpireRobert CliveJaghireDiwaniNabab DiscourseWhigs and Tories
주제분류역사학

초록

본 논문은 18세기 영국 동인도회사에서 발생한 클라이브 스캔들과 영국 사회의 반응을 제국의 구조 변화라는 관점에서 살펴본 연구이다. 특히 공론장의 확대 속에서 동인도회사의 영토 획득과 이로 인해 발생한 문제들이 어떻게 많은 사람들의 관심을 끌어서 스캔들으로 발전했는지를 확인했다. 또한 본 논문은 클라이브 스캔들의 본질을 당시 영 제국의 구조 변화로 인해 발생한 제국관의 차이에서 발견해 스캔들의 성격을 규명하고자 했다. 클라이브 스캔들의 기저에는 1688년 혁명 이후 토리와 휘그로 나뉜 영국인들의 정치경제관이 있었다. 휘그주의자들은 클라이브의 통치 방식이 전제적으로 변할 수 있다고 경고했고, 토리주의자들은 클라이브의 방식처럼 군사력과 행정력을 강화하지 않는다면 프랑스와의 패권 다툼에서 패배할 수 있다며 클라이브를 지지했다. 그 결과 클라이브는 엄청난 비판에 직면했지만, 인도에서 영 제국은 그가 구상했던 바와 같이 신토리적인 방식으로 세력을 확장하게 된다. 이를 통해 본 논문은 복잡하게 얽혀있는 동인도회사의 내부 문제와 영 제국의 구조 변화 속에서 클라이브라는 상징적 인물이 일으킨 논란이 어떤 의미를 가지는지를 이해하고자 했다.

Abstract

This paper examines the Clive Scandal in the 18th Century East India Company and the reaction of British society through the perspective of the structural change of the empire. In particular, this paper explained how the East India Company’s acquisition of territory and the problems caused by the company’s acquisition attracted many people’s attention and developed into a famous scandal. In addition, this paper aims to investigate the essence of the scandal by discovering the causes of the Clive scandal from the difference in imperial views during the structural change of the British Empire. The division of the British political-economic view into Tories and Whigs after the revolution of 1688 was the start of the Clive Scandal. Whigs warned that Clive’s way of governing could lead British empire to despotic and corrupt way. At the same time, Tories supported Clive, saying that if he did not strengthen the military and administrative power of the company, the British Empire could have lost the hegemony during the 7 years’ war. As a result, Clive faced severe criticism, but in India, the British Empire and East India Company expanded their power in the New Tory way, as Clive had envisioned. This paper demonstrates the meaning of the controversy caused by the symbolic figure of East India Company, Lord Clive, amid the complicated internal problems of the East India Company and the structural change of the British Empire.

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