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양날의 칼로서의 영국 정체성 - 스코틀랜드 분리 독립 실패와 영국의 EU 탈퇴 -

British Identity as a Double-edged Sword – Failure of Scotland’s Independence and BREXIT -

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본 연구는 ‘영국 정체성’의 관점에서 스코틀랜드의 분리 독립 실패와 영국의 EU 탈퇴를 분석하였다. 결론적으로 영국 정체성은 스코틀랜드를 영국에 잔류시켰지만, 영국이 EU를 떠나기로 결정하는 데 있어서도 중요한 역할을 했다. 이러한 점은 스코틀랜드 정체성을 바탕으로 한 민족주의의 강화로 스코틀랜드 분리 독립 가능성이 높게 점쳐졌었다는 상황을 뒤엎은 결과였다. 뿐만 아니라, 어색한 동반자라 불리는 영국이었지만, EU에서의 다양한 혜택 등을 고려할 때 EU에 잔류할 것이라는 예측에도 반전의 결과를 만들어냈다. 이러한 분석은 영국이라는 범주(category)에 소속되어 있다는 소속감이 결국 다른 소속감 –스코틀랜드인과 유럽인이라는 소속감– 보다 더 큰 영향력을 가지고 영국인들의 행동 양식(예: 투표)에 영향을 미쳤다고 할 수 있다. 물론 스코틀랜드의 분리 독립과 영국의 EU탈퇴를 분석하는데 다른 요인들도 중요하게 고려되어야 하지만, ‘영국 정체성’이 두 개의 사례에 다른 결과를 만들어내는 데 중요한 동인이었다는 점은 분명하다.

Abstract

This research analyses the failure of Scotland’s independence from the UK and the UK’s withdrawal from the EU in terms of British identity. It is argued that British identity made Scotland remain within the UK, but it played an important role for the UK to decide to leave the EU. These results overthrew the expectation that Scotland would be possibly independent from the UK under the circumstances of strengthening nationalism based on Scottish identity. In addition, the result of the EU referendum marked a dramatic turnaround from the prediction that the UK would remain within the EU mainly due to various benefits gained as the member of the EU. The analysis shows that a sense of belonging to the category of the UK for the British has more influences than other senses of affiliations either to Scotland or Europe. It can thus be said that British identity eventually affects people’s behavioral types such as voting in referendum. While other factors also need to be taken into consideration in analysing these two cases, it is ‘British identity’ that is an important cause for different results in two cases of Scotland’s and EU referenda.

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