대서양 복음주의 네트워크의 노예무역 폐지주의
The Transatlantic Evangelical Network and Its Abolitionism
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이 연구는 영국에서 노예무역 폐지 운동이 시작되기 전 대서양 복음주의자들 사이에 노예무역에 대한 사상과 가치가 어떻게 퍼지게 되었는지에 대한 고찰이다. 복음주의 네트워크와 이전 종교 공동체의 공통점과 차이점은 이 주제에 대해 중요한 실마리를 제공해 줄 것이다. 복음주의자들의 네트워크는 이전의 퓨리탄, 퀘이커 네트워크보다 더 확장된 대서양적 교류의 모습을 가졌는데, 노예무역에 대한 반감은 복음주의자들의 범 대서양적 교류활동을 통해 영미 문화의 표면 아래로 퍼질 수 있었다. 노예제도에 대한 반감의 확산도 이전 퀘이커 공동체의 반 노예무역 활동에서 영향을 받은 것이었지만, 복음주의 신학 속의 반 노예무역적 요소뿐만 아니라 독립 혁명으로 인한 갈등과 긴장 또한 중요한 역할을 하였다. 최근의 연구들은 혁명 시기의 역사적 사건들이 반 노예무역 정서에 정치적 중요성을 부여했음을 강조한다. 그러나 대서양 양안의 복음주의자들은 이미 노예제도와 기독교 원칙이 상충함을 인지하고 있었기 때문에 이런 외적 자극에 민감할 수 있었다. 이런 점에서 퀘이커의 영향, 복음주의 신학의 반 노예제도적 요소, 독립혁명 같은 복음주의 네트워크 안에 반 노예무역 정서를 강화한 요소들을 연결하는 종합적인 시각이 필요하다.
Abstract
I intend to examine how ideas and values opposed to slavery were spread in the transatlantic evangelical network before the beginning of the British antislavery movement in the 1780s. The common factors shared by its predecessors as well as its distinctive characteristics of the evangelical network will offer important clues for this topic. The evangelical network was a broader network than the Puritan and Quakers’ communities and through their transatlantic interchange, antislavery sentiment was spread below the surface of Anglo-American culture. The process of spreading antislavery sentiment was affected by antislavery activities in Quaker community. However, the antislavery principles inherent in Evangelicalism and the tension and dislocation caused by the American Revolution were also important. Recent analysis argues that the key could be found in historical events in the revolutionary era as they offered the antislavery cause political importance. However, evangelicals on both sides of the Atlantic were sensitive to these outside stimuli because they already perceived the inconsistency between slavery and Christian principles. In this sense, a more comprehensive view is required linking these factors that interacted in the process of making the antipathy to slavery a dominant feature of the evangelical network.
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