19세기 전반 영국과 미국의 대서양 노예무역 억제정책과 도덕자본(Moral Capital)의 국제정치
The Anglo-American Policies of the Suppression of the Atlantic Slave Trade and the Politics of Moral Capital in the Early Nineteenth Century
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초록
이 연구의 목적은 18세기 말부터 19세기 중반까지의 영국과 미국의 해외 노예무역 억제정책을 고찰하는 것이다. 2000년대에 들어 18세기 말 미국 독립혁명이라는 배경 속에서 대서양 노예무역 폐지운동의 시작을 고찰하는 연구들이 주목을 받았다. 이러한 설명은 노예무역 폐지운동 시작의 타이밍에 관한 질문에 답을 주며, 동시에 이 운동의 과정에서 반노예제 담론을 주장한 사람들에게 도덕적 위신이 더해지는 과정을 설명한 점에서 새로운 면모를 보였다. 그러나 18세기 말 미국 독립혁명의 배경 속에서 도덕자본의 형성을 강조하는 설명은 도덕자본 형성의 시기와 적용영역이 확대되어 설명되었을 때 더 종합적인 서술이 될 수 있다. 여러 증거들은 미국 독립전쟁 기간에 개인 혹은 집단적 차원에서 반노예제 담론이 도덕자본으로 사용되었을 뿐 아니라 1807년 이후 양국의 대외정책에서도 유사한 상황이 전개되었음을 암시하고 있다. 따라서 이 논문은 도덕자본의 형성과정을 노예무역 폐지법안 통과 이후 시기의 영국과 미국의 해외 노예무역 정책을 비교 및 고찰해 보고자 한다.
Abstract
This research scrutinizes policies of the suppression of the transatlantic slave trade in Britain and the United States from the late eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century. Since the early 2000s, several studies which focus on the rise of the abolitionist movement in the context of the American Revolution have received attention. These explanations give partial answers to the questions about the timing of the antislavery movement and break fresh ground in the debate of abolitionists’ motivation beyond the dichotomy between morality and material interests; during the revolutionary period, attacks on slavery could serve a range of purposes in dealing with imperial policies. However, to get a more comprehensive interpretation, it is worth expanding the timing of the formation of moral capital and its scope of application. Much evidence suggests that the antislavery discourse became transformed into moral capital in the field of international politics beyond a personal and group level, even after the abolition of the slave trade in 1807. This research will analyze the formative process of moral capital through comparing the Anglo-American policies of the suppression of the slave trade in the post-revolutionary era.
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