영국사, 대서양사, 지구사: 영국사 연구의 새로운 지평?
A New Paradigm of British History?: Atlantic History, Global History and ‘New British History’
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초록
이 논문은 대서양사와 지구사의 최근 성과들이 근대 초 영국사와 영 제국의 역사 연구에 어떤 의미가 있는지 검토한다. 대서양사와 지구사는 국민국가와 제국의 경계를 초월하여 작동했던 노동, 상품, 이념의 네트워크들을 주목하고, 이 네트워크들이 결국 통합된 대서양 세계의 출현과 세계화를 주도했다고 주장한다. 대서양사와 지구사의 취지에 공감하면서도, 이 논문은 과연 이런 취지가 실제 연구에 반영되고 있는지 문제를 제기하고, 영국사, 대서양사, 지구사의 시각과 문제의식을 통합하는 가능성을 전기적 방법과 네트워크에 대한 밀도 있는 분석으로부터 찾는다. 그럼으로써 인간과 상품 교류의 거대한 흐름 속에서 인간의 능동적인 역할을 부각시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 세계화의 시대에 영국사 연구의 의미를 재고할 수 있는 기회를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This paper looks into the significance of recent historiographical emphasis on the connections between early modern Britain and the Atlantic and global worlds. To this end, the paper reflects on the recent advance of Atlantic history in conjunction with the achievements of global history and to a lesser extent of the ‘new British history.’ This inquiry points out that, although the Atlanticists have rightly stressed the growing integration of the early modern Atlantic world in which commercial, religious, or cultural networks served to connect people across state and imperial boundaries, few of their empirical studies have yet transcended the confines of the British empire, thus often failing to demonstrating the diverse ways in which the British Atlantic intersected with the greater Atlantic and global worlds. By examining recent work by Alison Games, Miles Ogborn, and David Hancock, the paper suggests that these problems may be addressed by taking a biographical approach in which individuals’ unique historical experiences are located more fully in the broader contexts of the Atlantic and global worlds and by conducting closer examination of the nature and operation of commercial networks. In so doing, the paper concludes, historians of Britain will be able to appreciate better the significance of Britain’s historical experience in the entangled worlds of the early modern era.
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