잉글랜드, 스코틀랜드, 국민 정체성

Abstract

]The Scottish people had continued to be opposed to England for a long time. Their antagonism to England did not disappear in history after the unification of the two countries in 1707. But in the nineteenth century the Scots came to form such a national identity that they also belong to the British Empire. What are the factors of this change? Firstly, we can point out the several wars which the British people fought with France as one of the factors. Though being in protracted wars with France, Britain won all its wars during the eighteenth century. The wars, which were originated from the hegemony competition between the two countries, were also as religious as political ones. The war of Protestant Britain against Catholic France was very important to the Scots as well as to the English. The British fighting against Catholicism was not due to religious intolerance. The British people regarded protestantism as the origin of liberty in their own history. Secondly, the culture-centered mentality in the Scottish people affected their British identity. Originally, the Scottish enlightenment resulted from their endeavor to be free from the political inferiority complex to England. But as the Scottish cultural accomplishments were included in the mainstream of British culture, the Scots gradually looked upon themselves as British nationalities.