18세기 영국의 저작권: 해적출판에 관한 담론
Copyright and Piracy in the 18th Century England
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18세기에 출판업은 크게 성장하게 되는데, 여기에는 검열법의 폐지, 내전이라는 상황을 겪으면서 출판물에 대한 수요와 공급의 폭발적인 증가가 적지 않은 영향을 미쳤다. 출판 시장의 확대로 기존의 서적출판조합의 독점에 도전하는 재출판 행위가 범람하게 되었다. 무분별한 재출판 행위를 비난하고 제재하고자 하는 과정에서 해적출판이라는 개념이 확산하게 되었다. 해적출판은 기존의 출판질서를 무너뜨리는 요인으로 떠올랐고 앤 여왕법의 제정 이후 법정 분쟁이 첨예해지면서 더욱 부각이 되었다. 17세기 후반 재출판 행위를 비난하는 용어로 등장한 해적출판은 18세기 출판 분쟁과 저작권 논쟁의 중심을 차지하게 된다. 그런데, 전통적인 관점은 앤 여왕법을 저작권 발전의 출발점으로 하는 해석에 초점을 맞춤으로써, 해적출판이 저작권의 발전을 위한 풍부한 담론들을 탄생시킨 역사적인 영향에는 주목하지 못했다. 출판업의 주도권 다툼으로부터 빚어진 해적출판은 당대의 공론장이 낳은 산물이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 전통적인 관점을 벗어나, 18세기의 해적출판 논쟁이 저작권 제도의 변화와 발전은 물론, 책과 저자에 대한 인식에 어떠한 변화를 가져왔는지에 대한 보다 진지한 연구가 필요하다.
Abstract
In the eighteenth century, the publishing industry grew significantly, influenced by the lapse of Press Act and the surge in demand and supply of publications during the Civil War. This market expansion led to widespread reprinting activities, challenging the traditional monopoly held by the Stationer’s Company. In the process of criticizing and attempting to regulate this unauthorized reprinting, the concept of piracy in publishing began to spread. Pirated publications emerged as a disruptive force, undermining the established order in publishing, and gained further attention as legal disputes intensified following the enactment of the Act of Anne. Over time, piracy became a central issue in the copyright and publishing disputes of the eighteenth century. However, the traditional perspective in copyright studies has primarily focused on interpreting the Act of Anne as the starting point for copyright development, often overlooking the historical impact of piracy disputes as a catalyst for generating richer discourses on copyright. The phenomenon of piracy, which stemmed from fierce competition within the publishing industry, can be seen as a product of the public sphere at the time.
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