최고경영자 교체의 한국형 모델 구축에 대한 연구: 최고경영자 교체의 원인과 유형, 그리고 교체 후 성과의 통합적 관점
CEO Turnover of Korean Firms: Integrating Approach on Antecedents, Successor Types, and Financial Performance after the CEO Succession
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초록
최고경영자 교체에 대한 많은 연구들이 이루어졌음에도 불구하고 최고경영자 교체에 대한 통합적 모델을 제시하는 연구들은 찾기 힘들었다. 즉, 최고경영자 교체의 원인이 무엇이며, 원인별로 어떠한 최고경영자가 적합한 것인지, 원인과 유형간의 적합성이 높은 최고경영자 교체와 적합성이 떨어지는 최고경영자 교체가 이루어진 기업들의 교체후 성과는 어떻게 다른지를 파악할 필요가 있다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 선행연구들을 토대로 최고경영자 교체의 원인을 크게 성과와 이사회 영향력으로 구분하고, 최고경영자 또한 기업특유의 지식과 전략적 변화를 기준으로 4가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 그리고 교체의 원인별로 적합한 최고경영자 교체의 유형을 도출하였고, 최고경영자 교체의 원인과 유형간의 적합성을 살펴보았다. 이를 토대로 최고경영자 교체에 대한 통합적 모델을 제시하고 실증분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 최고경영자 교체원인에 따른 발생가능성과 관련된 가설들은 검증할 수 있었지만, 원인에 따른 최고경영자 유형간의 적합성과 교체 후 성과에 대한 검증은 실패하였다. 하지만 본 연구는 최고경영자 교체에 대한 통합적 모델을 제시하기 위한 선도적 시도였다는 점과 최고경영자 교체에 대한 종합적인 접근이 필요함을 주장하였다는 점에서 의미를 찾을 수 있었다.
Abstract
Using the KOSPI 200 firm sample from 2001 to 2007, this study empirically investigates CEO turnover of Korean firms by analyzing antecedents, successor types, and financial performance after CEO succession. We find that firstly, Korean firms with weaker board influence and lower financial performance are more likely to replace CEO than firms with weaker board influence and higher financial performance. Therefore, we confirm that both financial performance and board influence of the sample firms affect their CEO turnover. Secondly, higher-performing firms with strong board influence are negatively associated with follower succession that is insider CEO replacement appointed after an outgoing CEO. In contrast, these firms exhibit statistically positive association with outside CEO succession. In case of lower-performing firms with weaker board influence, they show empirically positive association with contender CEO succession. Thirdly, we cannot empirically verify the relationship between CEO succession and performance consequences since our hypotheses to test this relationship were rejected. It suggests further investigation should explore the mechanism behind CEO turnover and financial performance in further studies.
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