본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Locating Feminism beyond Gender and Culture - A Case of the Family-head System in South Korea -

Locating Feminism beyond Gender and Culture - A Case of the Family-head System in South Korea-

김희강
한국사회역사학회 (Korean Association Of Socio-Historical Studies)|2007.05|담론201 (Discourse 201)|제10권 제1호|pp. 245-290|DOI 10.17789/discou.2007.10.1.008

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

호주제Cultural Relativism문화적 상대주의제3세계 페미니즘탈식민지 페미니즘젠더 보편주의Family-head SystemGender UniversalismPost-colonial FeminismThird-World Feminism
주제분류사회학

초록

최근의 영미 페미니즘 학계에서는 양분법적인 이해에 근거해 젠더와 문화의 관계를 서로 양립할 수 없는 딜레마로 해석한다. 이 연구는 한국의 호주제를 사례로 하여 영미학계의 젠더-문화의 관계에 관한 상호배타적인 해석을 비판한다. 언뜻 보기에 호주제의 존폐를 둘러싼 여성계와 유림계간의 논쟁은 젠더-문화의 딜레마와 닮은 듯해 보인다. 그러나 호주제 논쟁이 구체적인 역사, 사회적 맥락에서 분석된다면 젠더와 문화의 관계는 단순히 대립적이거나 상반되지 않는다. 특히 한국의 가족법 개정운동과 그 속에서 발전된 여성계의 논리와 수사가 탈식민지적, 탈유교주의적, 그리고 신식민지적 맥락에서 고려되었을 때 성평등과 문화보존의 문제는 서로 양립될 수 있는 가능성을 내포한다.

Abstract

On February 3, 2005, the Constitutional Court in South Korea ruled that the family-head (hoju) system was incompatible with the Constitution. South Korean feminists had criticized the family-head system, arguing that it represented a typical patriarchy under which women were discriminated against in family relationships. In contrast, the advocates of traditional Korean culture-the "Confucians"-had contended that the family-head system was a Korean cultural practice and that custom should be preserved regardles of its patriarchal nature. This controversy between the feminists and the Confucians in the case of the family-head system is rooted in a gender-culture dilema, one to which current feminist scholarship has paid special attention. In this paper, however, I will argue that the binary understanding of gender and culture, which is a source of the dilema, inadequately accounts for the case of the family-head system. By analyzing the feminist family-law reform movement and by centering on the feminist logic and the feminist rhetoric developed in the movement, I will show how the relationship betwen gender and culture is not simply opositional. I will argue that any rigorous comprehensive analysis of the case must account for the case's contextual mechanisms. Only in this way can we find compatibility between the demand for gender equality and the quest for cultural preservation.

참고문헌 (71)

  1. Benhabib, Seyla, "The Claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era" (2002), Princeton: Princeton University Press
  2. Chatterjee, "University of Minnesota Press" (1986)
  3. Chen, Martha, "A Matter of Survival: Women’s Right to Employment in India and Bangladesh" (1995), Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. Cho, Erin, "Caught in Confucius’ Shadow: The Struggle for Women’s Legal Equality in South Korea", 12(2), pp.125~189 (1998)
  5. Chun, Ji-won, "Feminist-Confucian Responses", 3 (2005)
  6. Chung, Ah-young, "Current Family Registry System Incompatible with the Constitution", 3 (2005)
  7. Choi, Chungmoo, "Nationalism and Construction of Gender in Korea" (1998), New York and London: Routledge
  8. Code, Lorraine, "How to Think Globally: Stretching the Limits of Imagination" (2000), Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press
  9. Martina, "The Confucian Transformation of Korea A Study of Society and Ideology" (1992), Harvard University Press
  10. Deveaux, Monique, "Conflicting Equalities? Cultural Group Rights and Sex Equality", 48(3), pp.522~39 (2000)
  11. Paul, "″Notes on Relativism ″ In his Farewell to Reason" (1987)
  12. Gilliam, "″ In Chandra Talpade Mohanty Third WorldWomen and the Politics of eminism" (1991), Indiana University Press
  13. Gilman, Sander L, "Barbaric’ Rituals?" (1999), Princeton: Princeton University Press
  14. Grewal, "″ In Inderpal Grewal and Caren Kaplan University of Minnesota Press" (1994)
  15. Haboush, "″The Confucianization of Korean Society" (1991), Princeton Princeton University Press
  16. Hahm, Chaibong, "Family versus the Individual: The Politics of Marriage" (2003), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  17. Hahm, Chaihark, "Law, Culture, and the Politics of Confucianism", 16(2), pp.254~301 (2003)
  18. Herr, Ranjoo Seodu, "The Possibility of Nationalist Feminism", 18(3), pp.135~160 (2003)
  19. Herr, Ranjoo Seodu, "A Third World Feminist Defense of Multiculturalism", 30(1), pp.73~103 (2004)
  20. Eric, "The Invention of Tradition" (1992), Cambridge University Press
  21. Jaggar, Alison M, "Globalizing Feminist Ethics" (2000), Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press
  22. London, "Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World" (1986), Zed Books Ltd
  23. ″Common Themes, "″ In Chandra Talpade Mohanty Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism" (1991), Indiana University Press
  24. Kang, Man’gil, "Contemporary nationalist movements and the minjung" (1995), Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press
  25. Kim, Elaine H, "Introduction" (1998), Routledge: New York and London
  26. Kim, Kwang-ok, "The Reproduction of Confucian Culture in Contemporary Korea" (1996), Cambridge: Harvard University Press
  27. Kim, Kyung-hee, "The Debate on the Abolition of the Family-Head System and Anticipation", 15, pp.379~ (2004)
  28. Koh, Byong-ik, "Confucianism in Contemporary Korea" (1996), Cambridge: Harvard University Press
  30. Lee, Seongwoo, "Feminism in Korean Family Law", 20, pp.67~96 (2004)
  31. , 1992, ~
  32. Lee, WhaSook, "The Head of Family System, It’s Patriarchal Thought and Discriminational Factors", 10(2), pp.17~40 (2004)
  33. Louie, Miriam Ching Yoon, "Mingjung Feminism: Korean Women’s Movement for Gender and Class Liberation", 18(4), pp.417~430 (1995)
  34. McBeth, "″A Family Feud for Confucians and Women", pp.38~41 (1987)
  35. Chandra Talpade, "″Cartographies of Struggle Third WorldWomen and the Politics of Feminism ″ In Chandra Talpade Mohanty Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism" (1991), Indiana University Press
  36. Chandra Talpade, "Locating the Politics of Experience ″ In Michele Barrett and Anne Phillips" (1992), Stanford University Press
  37. Mohanty, Chandra Talpade, "Feminism without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity" (2003), Durham & London: Duke University Press
  38. Moon, Seungsook, "Begetting the Nation: The Androcentric Discourse of National History and Tradition in Sough Korea" (1998), New York and London: Routledge
  39. Moon, Seungsook, "Carving Out Space: Civil Society and the Women’s Movement in South Korea", 61(2), pp.473~500 (2002)
  40. Narayan, Uma, "Dislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions, and Third World Feminism" (1997), New York and London: Routledge
  41. Narayan, Uma, "Essence of Culture and a Sense of History: A Feminist Critique of Cultural Essentialism" (2000), Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press
  42. Narayan, Uma, "Undoing the ‘Package Picture’ of Cultures" (2000), Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press
  43. Nussbaum, Martha, "Human Capabilties, Female Human Beings" (1995), Oxford: Clarendon Press
  44. Nussbaum, Martha, "Sex and Social Justice" (1999), New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
  45. Nussbaum, Martha, "Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach" (2000), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  46. Okin, Susan, "Inequalities Between the Sexes in Different CulturalContexts" (1995), Oxford: Clarendon Press
  47. Okin, Susan, "Feminism and Multiculturalism: Some Tensions", 108(4), pp.661~684 (1998)
  48. Okin, Susan, "Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?" (1999), Princeton: Princeton University Press
  49. Okin, Susan, "Feminism, Women’s Human Rights, and Cultural Differences" (2000), Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press
  50. Okin, Susan, "Multiculturalism and Feminism: No Simple Question, No Simple Answers" (2005), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  51. Park, Chai Bin, "Consequences of Son Preference in a Low-Fertility Society: Imbalance of the Sex-Ratio at Birth in Korea", 21(1), pp.59~84 (1995)
  52. Hanna, "″ In Irene Tinker" (1990), Oxford University Press
  53. Phillips, Anne, "Dilemmas of Gender and Culture: The Judge, theDemocrat and the Political Activist" (2005), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  54. Putman, Ruth Anna, "Why Not a Feminist Theory of Justice?" (1995), Oxford: Clarendon Press
  55. Robinson, "″Perceptions of Confucianism in Twentieth-Century Korea ″ In Gilbert Rozman" (1991), Princeton Princeton University Press
  56. Rudy, Kathy, "Difference and Indifference: A U.S. Feminist Response to Global Politics" (2000), Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press
  57. Schutte, Ofelia, "Cultural Alterity: Cross-Cultural Communication and Feminist Theory in North-South Contexts" (2000), Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press
  58. Shachar, Ayelet, "Multicultural Jurisdictions: Cultural Differences and Women’s Rights" (2001), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  59. Song, Sang Hyun, "Special Problems in Studying Korean Law" (1996), Seoul: Pakyongsa Publication
  60. Tu, "″The Search for Roots in industrial East Asia The Case of the Confucian Revival ″ In Martin Marty and R" (1991), Chicago University Press
  61. Yang, Hyunah, "Re-membering the Korean Military Comfort Women: Nationalism, Sexuality, and Silencing" (1998), New York and London: Routledge
  62. Yang, Hyunah, "Unfinished Tasks for Korean Family Policy in the 1990s: Maternity Protection Policy and Abolition of the Family-Head System", 42(2), pp.68~99 (2002)
  63. Yang, Hyunah, "Questions of ‘Tradition’ and ‘Women’: Cultural Analysis of the Lawsuit about Unconstitutionality of the Family-Head(Hoju) System", 25, pp.105~130 (2002)
  64. Yang, Hyunah, "A Study of the Lawsuit about Unconstitutionality of the Family-Head(Hoju) System from the View of Sociology of Law: Changes of ‘the Families", 36(5), pp.201~229 (2002)
  65. Yang, Hyunah, "Gender Equality vs. ‘Tradition’ in Korean Family Law: Toward a Postcolonial Feminist Jurisprudence", 6(2), pp.85~118 (2003)
  66. Wedeen, Lisa, "Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities for Political Science", 96, pp.713~28 (2002)
  67. Wells, Kenneth, "Introduction" (1995), Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press
  68. WuDunn, Sheryl, "Korean Women Still Feel Demands to Bear a Son", 14 (1997)
  69. Yoon, Bang-Soon, "Democratization and Gender Politics in South Korea" (2001), Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield
  70. Spinner-Halev, Jeff, "Feminism, Multiculturalism, Oppression, and the State", 112, pp.84~113 (2001)
  71. Yu, Il-kyung, "The Logic of Abolishment of the Family-Head System", 3, pp.17~ (2003)

관련 논문AI추천

전통'과 '여성'의 만남 : 호주제도 위헌소송에 관한 문화 연구양현아한국법사학회 · 법사학연구2002 · 제25호“문화” 개념과 “성차” 관련 개념들에 관한 몇 가지 고찰 - 1990년대 이후 한국 사회 “페미니즘 문화연구”를 중심으로 -김현경민족문화연구원 · 민족문화연구2010 · 제53호미국의 평등권수정(Equal Rights Amendment) 운동과 한국의 호주제폐지 운동에 관한 비교연구김경희, 김승경한국여성학회 · 한국여성학2008 · 제24권 제4호한국사회의 중층적 젠더 불평등: ‘평등 신화’와 불/변하는 여성들의 위치성이나영한국여성학회 · 한국여성학2014 · 제30권 제4호결혼․가족담론을 통해 본한국 식민지근대성의 구성 요소와 특징김영선한국여성사학회 · 여성과 역사2010 · 제13호한국의 식민지 근대체험과 여성공간-여성주의문화론적 접근을 위하여태혜숙한국여성학회 · 한국여성학2004 · 제20권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (8건)

‘Sensu cosmopolitico’ 속의 동북아시아공동체- 근대기획과 탈근대적 성찰의 문제 -최치원pp. 5-32정보사회담론에 대한 외부로부터의 고찰- 정보사회담론의 이데올로기적 지형 -권기욱pp. 33-65조선후기 순천 재지사족의 향촌지배 실태와 동향 - 향교 소장 문서 분석을 중심으로 -박진철pp. 67-99동북아 NGO 네트워크의 유형과 발전의제김석향, 최대석pp. 101-131사회적 과시의 재생산 메커니즘과 광고우실하pp. 133-175
원문 보기