우크라이나 난민 위기에 대한 유럽의 대응: ‘환대’와 ‘연대’에 가려진 ‘인종주의’와 ‘동맹’
A Critical Review of the European Response to the Ukraine Refugee Crisis
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이 글은 2022년 러시아 침공 이후 우크라이나 난민 위기에 대한 유럽의 대응을 난민에 대한 ‘환대’와 난민 보호를 위한 유럽연합 회원국 간 ‘연대’라는 두 차원으로 나누어 살펴본다. 이 연구는 유럽이 보여준 적극적인 환대와 연대에도 불구하고 국제난민레짐이 어떤 점에서 여전히 근본적인 한계를 안고 있는지를 성찰함으로써 글로벌 난민 위기에 관한 건설적 논의를 위해 회피해서는 안 되는 인식론적이고 권력정치적인 측면을 분명히 하는데 기여하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 유럽의 우크라이나 난민 환대와 관련해서는 ‘인종주의’ 요소를 지적하고, 유럽연합의 연대와 관련해서는 비판 지정학 관점에서 ‘동맹’ 논리에 기인한 대응이었음 분석한다. 이 글은 궁극적으로 난민 보호에 관한 논의의 외연이 ‘필요’와 ‘권리’에 더해 ‘분쟁과 평화’의 문제로 확장되어야 한다는 문제의식을 함축한다. 이것은 ‘난민성’을 권력과 정체성에 터잡은 국제정치의 재료가 아닌, 인권과 평화에 대한 갈구로서 재현해야 할 필요성을 말해준다.
Abstract
This article is a critical review of the European response to the Ukraine refugee crisis after the Russian invasion in February 2022. First, the European response is ex amined a long t he t wo d imensions: h ospitality to Ukrainian r efugees a nd solidarity among EU member states to protect them. Then, the underlying features of the European hospitality and solidarity will be critically explored. In particular, this study will point out elements of racism underlying the Europe’s hospitality towards Ukrainian refugees, and analyze the European solidarity as a response based on the logic of alliance from the perspective of critical geopolitics. Ultimately, the article suggests that the debate on international protection for refugees should be expanded beyond ‘needs’ and ‘rights’ to actively include issues of ‘conflict and peace’. This suggestion points to the need to re-imagine ‘refugeehood’ as a desire for human rights and peace rather than as an instrument of international politics grounded in power and identity.
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